Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25641622›Full record

ArticleCancer medicine2015

HIV infection and domestic smoke exposure, but not human papillomavirus, are risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Zambia: a case-control study.

Violet Kayamba, Allen C Bateman, Akwi W Asombang, Aaron Shibemba, Kanekwa Zyambo, Themba Banda, Rose Soko, Paul Kelly

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03160209 (LCCC 1608 - HIV and Other Risk Factors for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Malawi), which is not on this map. Cited by 43 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
6.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03160209 completednot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

LCCC 1608 - HIV and Other Risk Factors for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Malawi

TypeobservationalSponsorUNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterRan2017 to 2022Enrolled600ConditionsEsophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Violet KayambaDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Allen C Bateman
Akwi W Asombang
Aaron Shibemba
Kanekwa Zyambo
Themba Banda
Rose Soko
Paul Kelly
University of Zambia · ZMUniversity of Missouri–St. Louis · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USUniversity Teaching Hospital · ZM

Funding

Vanderbilt University-CIDRZ AIDS International Training and Research ProgramD43TW001035 · FIC · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI VERMUND, STEN H. · 1998 to 2014
$10.9M
Fogarty Global Health Fellows Coordinating CenterR25TW009340 · FIC · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI CHI, BENJAMIN H. · 2012 to 2016
$6.9M
Vanderbilt-Emory-Cornell-Duke Consortium for Global Health Fellows (VECDor)R25TW009337 · FIC · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI HEIMBURGER, DOUGLAS CORBETT, VERMUND, STEN H. · 2012 to 2016
$6.3M
Zambian Cervical Cancer Research Capacity InitiativeD43CA153784 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI PARHAM, GROESBECK PREER · 2010 to 2013
$1.8M
FIC NIH HHS D43TW001035FIC NIH HHS R25 TW009337FIC NIH HHS R25TW009340NCI NIH HHS 1D43CA153784
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is emerging evidence that esophageal cancer occurs in younger adults in sub-Saharan Africa than in Europe or North America. The burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is also high in this region. We postulated that HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections might contribute to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) risk. This was a case-control study based at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Cases were patients with confirmed OSCC and controls had completely normal upper endoscopic evaluations. A total of 222 patients were included to analyze the influence of HIV infection; of these, 100 patients were used to analyze the influence of HPV infection, alcohol, smoking, and exposure to wood smoke. The presence of HIV infection was determined using antibody kits, and HPV infection was detected by polymerase chain reaction. HIV infection on its own conferred increased risk of developing OSCC (odds ratio [OR] 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-5.1; P = 0.03). The OR was stronger when only people under 60 years were included (OR 4.3; 95% CI 1.5-13.2; P = 0.003). Cooking with charcoal or firewood, and cigarette smoking, both increased the odds of developing OSCC ([OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.4-9.3; P = 0.004] and [OR 9.1; 95% CI 3.0-30.4; P < 0.001], respectively). There was no significant difference in HPV detection or alcohol intake between cases and controls. We conclude that HIV infection and exposure to domestic and cigarette smoke are risk factors for OSCC, and HPV immunization unlikely to reduce OSCC incidence in Zambia.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Squamous CellCase-Control StudiesCookingEsophageal NeoplasmsEsophageal Squamous Cell CarcinomaFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansLife StyleMaleMiddle AgedPapillomavirus InfectionsProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSmokeSmokingSmokeTobacco Smoke PollutionCharcoalesophageal cancerfirewoodHIVHPV

Identifiers

PMID25641622
PMCPMC4402073
OpenAlexW2008071593

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.