Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25638247›Full record

ArticleBMC medical education2015

Digital rectal examination skills: first training experiences, the motives and attitudes of standardized patients.

Christoph Nikendei, Katja Diefenbacher, Nadja Köhl-Hackert, Heike Lauber, Julia Huber, Anne Herrmann-Werner, Wolfgang Herzog, Jobst-Hendrik Schultz, Jana Jünger, Markus Krautter

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical education, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Christoph NikendeiDepartment of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. christoph.nikendei@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Katja DiefenbacherDepartment of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. k.diefenbacher@googlemail.com.
Nadja Köhl-HackertDepartment of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. nadja.koehl-hackert@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Heike LauberDepartment of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. heike.lauber@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Julia HuberDepartment of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. julia.huber@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Anne Herrmann-WernerDepartment of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. anne.herrmann-werner@med.uni-tuebingen.de.
Wolfgang HerzogDepartment of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. wolfgang.herzog@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Jobst-Hendrik SchultzDepartment of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. jobst-hendrik.schultz@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Jana JüngerDepartment of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University of Heidelberg, Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. jana.juenger@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Markus KrautterDepartment of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, INF 162, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany. markus.krautter@med.uni-heidelberg.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPhysical clinical examination is a core clinical competence of medical doctors. In this regard, digital rectal examination (DRE) plays a central role in the detection of abnormalities of the anus and rectum. However, studies in undergraduate medical students as well as newly graduated doctors show that they are insufficiently prepared for performing DRE. Training units with Standardized Patients (SP) represent one method to deliver DRE skills. As yet, however, it is little known about SPs' attitudes.

methodsThis is a qualitative study using a grounded theory approach. Interviews were conducted with 4 standardized patients about their experiences before, during and after structured SP training to deliver DRE competencies to medical students. The resulting data were subjected to thematic content analysis.

resultsResults show that SPs do not have any predominant motives for DRE program participation. They participate in the SP training sessions with relatively little prejudice and do not anticipate feeling highly vulnerable within teaching sessions with undergraduate medical students.

conclusionsThe current study examined SPs' motives, views, expectations and experiences regarding a DRE program during their first SP training experiences. The results enabled us to derive distinct action guidelines for the recruitment, informing and briefing of SPs who are willing to participate in a DRE program.

Indexed as

CurriculumEducation, Medical, UndergraduateHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeMotivationPatient SimulationAgedClinical CompetenceDigital Rectal ExaminationEmotionsFemaleGrounded TheoryHumansMaleMiddle AgedPilot ProjectsQualitative Research

Identifiers

PMID25638247
PMCPMC4322856

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.