ArticleEuropean radiology2015
In vivo analysis of physiological 3D blood flow of cerebral veins.
Article in European radiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- 4D flow MRI for non-invasive measurement of blood flow in the brain: A systematic review.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2021Pooled it
- Intestinal infections establish antigen-specific, long-lived memory CD4Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Non-Contrast Assessment of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability to Water: Improved Signal Modeling and Data Acquisition.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- ISME-incoherent sampling of multi-echo data to minimize cardiac-induced noise in brain maps ofMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Arterial-optimized 4D-flow MRI for quantifying flow and pulsatility in venous sinuses and large cerebral veins.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Incorporating meningeal immunity into vaccine development.Nature communications · 2025Review
- Angulation of the dural venous sinuses in the posterior cranial fossa: an anatomical study and its implications for venous circulation.Neurosurgical review · 2025Article
- Reimagining the meninges from a neuroimmune perspective: a boundary, but not peripheral.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- VICTR: Venous transit time imaging by changes in TMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2024Article
- Interrelation Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure, Intracranial Morphology and Venous Hemodynamics Studied by 4D Flow MRI.Clinical neuroradiology · 2024Article
- CT evaluation of unilateral pulsatile tinnitus with jugular bulb wall dehiscence.European radiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Surrogate vascular input function measurements from the superior sagittal sinus are repeatable and provide tissue-validated kinetic parameters in brain DCE-MRI.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Immunological defense of CNS barriers against infections.Immunity · 2022Review
- The gut-meningeal immune axis: Priming brain defense against the most likely invaders.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2022Review
- Quality Control for 4D Flow MR Imaging.Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 2022Article
- New insight into DAVF pathology-Clues from meningeal immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Noncontrast assessment of blood-brain barrier permeability to water: Shorter acquisition, test-retest reproducibility, and comparison with contrast-based method.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2021Article
- Pathogenesis and Management in Cerebrovenous Outflow Disorders.Aging and disease · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo visualize and quantify physiological blood flow of intracranial veins in vivo using time-resolved, 3D phase-contrast MRI (4D flow MRI), and to test measurement accuracy.
methodsFifteen healthy volunteers underwent repeated ECG-triggered 4D flow MRI (3 Tesla, 32-channel head coil). Intracranial venous blood flow was analysed using dedicated software allowing for blood flow visualization and quantification in analysis planes at the superior sagittal, straight, and transverse sinuses. MRI was evaluated for intra- and inter-observer agreement and scan-rescan reproducibility. Measurements of the transverse sinuses were compared with transcranial two-dimensional duplex ultrasound.
resultsVisualization of 3D blood flow within cerebral sinuses was feasible in 100 % and within at least one deep cerebral vein in 87 % of the volunteers. Blood flow velocity/volume increased along the superior sagittal sinus and was lower in the left compared to the right transverse sinus. Intra- and inter-observer reliability and reproducibility of blood flow velocity (mean difference 0.01/0.02/0.02 m/s) and volume (mean difference 0.0002/-0.0003/0.00003 l/s) were good to excellent. High/low velocities were more pronounced (8 % overestimation/9 % underestimation) in MRI compared to ultrasound.
conclusionsFour-dimensional flow MRI reliably visualizes and quantifies three-dimensional cerebral venous blood flow in vivo and is promising for studies in patients with sinus thrombosis and related diseases. KEY POINTS: • 4D flow MRI can be used to visualize and quantify physiological cerebral venous haemodynamics • Flow quantification within cerebral sinuses reveals high reliability and accuracy of 4D flow MRI • Blood flow volume and velocity increase along the superior sagittal sinus • Limited spatial resolution currently precludes flow quantification in small cerebral veins.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.