ArticleBMJ open2015
Prevalence of smoking restrictions and child exposure to secondhand smoke in cars and homes: a repeated cross-sectional survey of children aged 10-11 years in Wales.
Article in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of public smoking bans on children's exposure to tobacco smoke at home: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2018Pooled it
- Are People More Likely to Vape or Smoke Indoors? A Population Survey of Adults in England.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Changes in prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure in Spanish children, 2016-2019.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Mental health and life satisfaction among 10-11-year-olds in Wales, before and one year after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Change in exposure of children to second-hand smoke with impact on children's health and change in parental smoking habits after smoking ban in Bavaria - a multiple cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Changes in childhood experimentation with, and exposure to, tobacco and e-cigarettes and perceived smoking norms: a repeated cross-sectional study of 10-11 year olds' in Wales.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Socio-Economic Status, Mental Health Difficulties and Feelings about Transition to Secondary School among 10-11 Year Olds in Wales: Multi-Level Analysis of a Cross Sectional Survey.Child indicators research · 2021Article
- Associations of Socioeconomic Status, Parental Smoking and Parental E-Cigarette Use with 10-11-Year-Old Children's Perceptions of Tobacco Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes: Cross Sectional Analysis of the CHETS Wales 3 Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Malaysian adolescents' exposure to secondhand smoke in the car of their parents/guardians: A nationwide cross-sectional school-based study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2020Article
- Exposure to household secondhand smoke among adolescents in Kuwait: Results from two school-based cross-sectional studies.Tobacco induced diseases · 2020Article
- [Support to smoking regulation in private vehicles and public outdoor spaces].Revista espanola de salud publica · 2019Article
- From complex social interventions to interventions in complex social systems: Future directions and unresolved questions for intervention development and evaluation.Evaluation (London, England : 1995) · 2019Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study of Smoking Behaviors and Attitudes of Parents in Pediatric Primary Care Settings.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Towards smoke-free cars in the Republic of Korea: Evidence from environmental and biochemical monitoring of third-hand smoke exposure in taxis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2018Article
- Smoke-Free Car Legislation and Student Exposure to Smoking.Pediatrics · 2018Article
- Children's exposure to secondhand smoke at home before and after smoke-free legislation in Taiwan.Tobacco control · 2017Article
- Effect of tobacco control policies on perinatal and child health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Public health · 2017Article
- Smoke-free legislation and child health.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2016Review
- Social disparities in parental smoking and young children's exposure to secondhand smoke at home: a time-trend analysis of repeated cross-sectional data from the German KiGGS study between 2003-2006 and 2009-2012.BMC public health · 2016Article
- Smoking in the home after childbirth: prevalence and determinants in an English cohort.BMJ open · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveSmall increases in smoking restrictions in cars and homes were reported after legislation prohibiting smoking in public places. Few studies examine whether these changes continued in the longer term. This study examines changes in restrictions on smoking in cars and homes, and child exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in these locations, since 2008 postlegislation surveys in Wales.
settingState-maintained primary schools in Wales (n=75).
participantsChildren aged 10-11 years (year 6) completed CHETS (CHild exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke) Wales surveys in 2007 (n=1612) and 2008 (n=1605). A replication survey (CHETS Wales 2) was conducted in 2014, including 1601 children. PRIMARY OUTCOME VARIABLE: Children's reports of whether smoking was allowed in their car or home and exposure to SHS in a car or home the previous day.
resultsThe percentage of children who reported that smoking was allowed in their family vehicle fell from 18% to 9% in 2014 (OR=0.42; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.54). The percentage living in homes where smoking was allowed decreased from 37% to 26% (OR=0.30; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.43). Among children with a parent who smoked, one in five and one in two continued to report that smoking was allowed in their car and home. The percentage reporting SHS exposure in a car (OR=0.52; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.72) or home (OR=0.44; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.53) the previous day also fell. Children from poorer families remained less likely to report smoking restrictions.
conclusionsSmoking in cars and homes has continued to decline. Substantial numbers of children continue to report that smoking is allowed in cars and homes, particularly children from poorer families. A growing number of countries have legislated, or plan to legislate, banning smoking in cars carrying children. Attention is needed to the impact of legislation on child health and health inequalities, and reducing smoking in homes.
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