ArticleBiological psychiatry2015
Novelty-facilitated extinction: providing a novel outcome in place of an expected threat diminishes recovery of defensive responses.
Article in Biological psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 169 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Tryptophan Depletion on Conditioned Threat Memory Expression: Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2021Trial
- Role of Human Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Learning and Recall of Enhanced Extinction.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Trial
- Multiple-context extinction strengthens fear suppression through hippocampal dopamine D2R-dependent memory updating.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Comparisons of extinction, counterconditioning, and novelty-facilitated extinction within ABA vs. ABC renewal designs.Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition · 2026Article
- Effects of novelty and reward-based fear extinction on memory generalization.Behaviour research and therapy · 2026Article
- Augmenting extinction with counterconditioning strengthens and sustains neural safety representations in PTSD.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Emotional learning selectively distorts the temporal organization of memory: A quantitative synthesis.Cognition · 2026Article
- Dissociable memory modulation mechanisms facilitate fear amnesia at different timescales.eLife · 2025Article
- Utilizing rewards to dampen fear and its recovery.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pavlovian safety learning: An integrative theoretical review.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Review
- Emotional intensity produces a linear relationship on conditioned learning but an inverted U-shaped effect on episodic memory.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Contextual modulation of human associative learning following novelty-facilitated extinction, counterconditioning, and conventional extinction.Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition · 2024Article
- Article
- Curiosity: primate neural circuits for novelty and information seeking.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Hippocampal Involvement in Safety Signal Learning Varies With Anxiety Among Healthy Adults.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- Intermixed safety cues facilitate extinction retention in adult and adolescent mice.Physiology & behavior · 2023Article
- Anxiety as a disorder of uncertainty: implications for understanding maladaptive anxiety, anxious avoidance, and exposure therapy.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- The Added Value of Crosstalk Between Developmental Circuit Neuroscience and Clinical Practice to Inform the Treatment of Adolescent Anxiety.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Review
- Neural circuitry involved in conditioned inhibition via safety signal learning is sensitive to trauma exposure.Neurobiology of stress · 2022Article
- Rewarded Extinction Increases Amygdalar Connectivity and Stabilizes Long-Term Memory Traces in the vmPFC.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExperimental extinction serves as a model for psychiatric treatments based on associative learning. However, the effects of extinction are often transient, as evidenced by postextinction return of defensive behaviors. From a therapeutic perspective, an inherent problem with extinction may be that mere omission of threat is not sufficient to reduce future threat uncertainty. The current study tested an augmented form of extinction that replaced, rather than merely omitted, expected threat outcomes with novel nonthreat outcomes, with the goal of reducing postextinction return of defensive behaviors.
methodsThirty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats and 47 human adults underwent threat conditioning to a conditioned stimulus paired with an electrical shock. Subjects then underwent a standard extinction protocol with shock omitted or an augmented extinction protocol wherein the shock was replaced by a surprising tone. Tests of postextinction recovery occurred 24 hours later in the absence of the tone.
resultsReplacing the shock with a novel nonthreat outcome, as compared with shock omission, reduced postextinction recovery (freezing in rats and anticipatory skin conductance responses in humans) when tested 24 hours later. Self-reported intolerance of uncertainty was positively correlated with recovery following standard extinction in humans, providing new evidence that postextinction recovery is related to sensitivity to future threat uncertainty.
conclusionsThese findings provide cross-species evidence of a novel strategy to enhance extinction that may have broad implications for how to override associative learning that has become maladaptive and offer a simple technique that could be straightforwardly adapted and implemented in clinical situations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.