ArticlePloS one2015
Lesser of two evils? Foraging choices in response to threats of predation and parasitism.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Starvation on Growth Characteristics, Locomotor Performance, Foraging Behavior, and Hypoxia Tolerance in Chinese Giant Salamander (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Risk of predation increases susceptibility to parasitism via trait-mediated indirect effects.Oecologia · 2025Article
- Taking cues from ecological and evolutionary theories to expand the landscape of disgust.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Parasites and the ecology of fear: Nonconsumptive effects of ectoparasites on larvae reduce growth in simulatedEcology and evolution · 2024Article
- Behave yourself: effects of exogenous-glucocorticoid exposure on larval amphibian anti-parasite behaviour and physiology.Oecologia · 2024Article
- Revisiting the role of behavior-mediated structuring in the survival of populations in hostile environments.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Relative contributions of parasite consumptive and non-consumptive effects to host population suppression in simulated fly-mite populations.Oecologia · 2022Article
- Evolution and Ecology of Parasite Avoidance.Annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics · 2022Article
- Can predators stabilize host-parasite interactions? Changes in aquatic predator identity alter amphibian responses and parasite abundance across life stages.Ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- Mussel memory: can bivalves learn to fear parasites?Royal Society open science · 2022Article
- Untapped potential of physiology, behaviour and immune markers to predict range dynamics and marginality.Ecology and evolution · 2021Review
- Bidirectional interactions between host social behaviour and parasites arise through ecological and evolutionary processes.Parasitology · 2021Article
- Effects of vertical position on trematode parasitism in larval anurans.Current zoology · 2019Article
- Free-living parasite infectious stages promote zooplankton abundance under the risk of predation.Oecologia · 2019Article
- Parasite avoidance behaviours in aquatic environments.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2018Review
- Time-lagged effect of predators on tadpole behaviour and parasite infection.Biology letters · 2017Article
- Breaking beta: deconstructing the parasite transmission function.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2017Article
- Learned parasite avoidance is driven by host personality and resistance to infection in a fish-trematode interaction.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2016Article
- Avoidance of parasitic fungi and nematode threats byBehavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral EcologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Predators have documented post-encounter (density-mediated) effects on prey but their pre-encounter impacts, including behavioural alterations, can be substantial as well. While it is increasingly evident that this "ecology of fear" is important to understand for natural enemy-victim relationships, fear responses of hosts to the threat of infection by a parasite are relatively unknown. We examined larval amphibian (Lithobates pipiens) foraging choices by experimentally manipulating the presence of cues relating to predator (larval odonate) or parasite (the trematode Ribeiroia ondatrae) threats. Tadpoles avoided foraging where predator or parasite cues were present; however, they did not treat these as equal hazards. When both threats were simultaneously present, tadpoles strongly preferred to forage under the threat of parasitism compared to predation, likely driven by their relative lethality in our study. Our results indicate that altered spatial use is an important anti-parasite behaviour, and demonstrate that parasite avoidance can affect foraging in a manner similar to predators, warranting greater study of the pre-encounter effects of this enemy type.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.