ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2015
A distinct subtype of dopaminergic interneuron displays inverted structural plasticity at the axon initial segment.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Layer-specific variation in intracellular GABA immunoreactivity in the neuronal organization of the mouse main olfactory bulb.Cell and tissue research · 2026Article
- Primary cilia and neural computation.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- Conflicting adaptations in an inhibitory feedback circuit.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Axon Initial Segment: Structure, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Characterisation of the axon initial segment and intrinsic excitability in the sub-acute phase post-ischaemic stroke.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Morphological details contribute to neuronal response variability within the same cell type.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Dopaminergic short axon cells integrate sensory and top-down inputs to enhance discriminative learning in the mouse olfactory bulb.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Basal forebrain cholinergic input mediates adaptive attention allocation to enhance olfactory discrimination.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Functional Maturation and Experience-Dependent Plasticity in Adult-Born Olfactory Bulb Dopaminergic Neurons.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- New Neurons in the Postnatal Olfactory System: Functions in the Healthy and Regenerating Brain.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Axon initial segment structure and function in health and disease.Physiological reviews · 2025Review
- The Primary Cilia are Associated with the Axon Initial Segment in Neurons.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Unveiling the cell biology of hippocampal neurons with dendritic axon origin.The Journal of cell biology · 2025Article
- Motor learning changes the axon initial segment of the spinal motoneuron.The Journal of physiology · 2024Article
- Intrinsic Plasticity Mechanisms of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry · 2024Review
- Static magnetic stimulation induces structural plasticity at the axon initial segment of inhibitory cortical neurons.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Sodium channel endocytosis drives axon initial segment plasticity.Science advances · 2023Article
- Review
- CDK5/p35-Dependent Microtubule Reorganization Contributes to Homeostatic Shortening of the Axon Initial Segment.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized structure near the start of the axon that is a site of neuronal plasticity. Changes in activity levels in vitro and in vivo can produce structural AIS changes in excitatory cells that have been linked to alterations in excitability, but these effects have never been described in inhibitory interneurons. In the mammalian olfactory bulb (OB), dopaminergic interneurons are particularly plastic, undergoing constitutive turnover throughout life and regulating tyrosine hydroxylase expression in an activity-dependent manner. Here we used dissociated cultures of rat and mouse OB to show that a subset of bulbar dopaminergic neurons possess an AIS and that these AIS-positive cells are morphologically and functionally distinct from their AIS-negative counterparts. Under baseline conditions, OB dopaminergic AISs were short and located distally along the axon but, in response to chronic 24 h depolarization, lengthened and relocated proximally toward the soma. These activity-dependent changes were in the opposite direction to both those we saw in non-GABAergic OB neurons and those reported previously for excitatory cell types. Inverted AIS plasticity in OB dopaminergic cells was bidirectional, involved all major components of the structure, was dependent on the activity of L-type CaV1 calcium channels but not on the activity of the calcium-activated phosphatase calcineurin, and was opposed by the actions of cyclin-dependent kinase 5. Such distinct forms of AIS plasticity in inhibitory interneurons and excitatory projection neurons may allow considerable flexibility when neuronal networks must adapt to perturbations in their ongoing activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.