ArticleBMC evolutionary biology2015
The origin of the ADAR gene family and animal RNA editing.
Article in BMC evolutionary biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stereo-random oligonucleotides enable efficient recruitment of ADAR in vitro and in vivo.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Signal peptides restrict genome evolution and A-to-I RNA editing.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Phylogenetic and structural analysis of Hydra ADAR.Archives of biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
- RNA editing in disease: mechanisms and therapeutic potential.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Review
- ADAR1 Promotes Myogenic Proliferation and Differentiation of Goat Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells.Cells · 2024Article
- ADAR-Mediated A>I(G) RNA Editing in the Genotoxic Drug Response of Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Base preference for inosine 3'-riboendonuclease activity of human endonuclease V: implications for cleavage of poly-A tails containing inosine.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The ancient Z-DNA and Z-RNA specific Zα fold has evolved modern roles in immunity and transcription through the natural selection of flipons.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Exploring functional conservation in silico: a new machine learning approach to RNA-editing.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Article
- ADAR Family Proteins: A Structural Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- A Comprehensive Analysis of the Effect of A>I(G) RNA-Editing Sites on Genotoxic Drug Response and Progression in Breast Cancer.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Antizyme inhibitor family: biological and translational research implications.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Article
- Engineered deaminases as a key component of DNA and RNA editing tools.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Review
- Dissecting the basis for differential substrate specificity of ADAR1 and ADAR2.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Experimental evidence for the functional importance and adaptive advantage of A-to-I RNA editing in fungi.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Z-RNA biology: a central role in the innate immune response?RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Review
- The occurrence, characteristics, and adaptation of A-to-I RNA editing in bacteria: A review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- MicroRNAs are deeply linked to the emergence of the complex octopus brain.Science advances · 2022Article
- ADAR2 enzymes: efficient site-specific RNA editors with gene therapy aspirations.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) proteins convert adenosine into inosine in double-stranded RNAs and have been shown to increase gene product diversity in a number of bilaterians, particularly mammals and flies. This enzyme family appears to have evolved from an ADAT (adenosine deaminase acting on tRNA) ancestor, via the addition of a double-stranded RNA binding domain. The modern vertebrate ADAR family is comprised of ADAD, ADAR2 and ADAR1, each of which has a conserved domain architecture. To reconstruct the origin of this protein family, we identified and categorised ADAR family members encoded in the genomes and/or transcriptomes of early-branching metazoan and closely related non-metazoan taxa, including thirteen sponge and ten ctenophore species.
resultsWe demonstrate that the ADAR protein family is a metazoan innovation, with the three ADAR subtypes being present in representatives of the earliest phyletic lineages of animals - sponges and ctenophores - but not in other closely related choanoflagellate and filasterean holozoans. ADAR1 is missing from all ctenophore genomes and transcriptomes surveyed. Depending on the relationship of sponges and ctenophores to the rest of the Metazoa, this is consistent with either ADAR1 being lost in ctenophores, as it has been in multiple metazoan lineages, or being an innovation that evolved after ctenophores diverged from the rest of the animal kingdom. The presence of Z-DNA binding domains in some sponge ADARs indicates an ancestral ADAR included this domain and it has been lost in multiple animal lineages.
conclusionsThe ADAR family appears to be a metazoan innovation, with all family members in place in the earliest phyletic branches of the crown Metazoa. The presence of ADARs in sponges and ctenophores is consistent with A-to-I editing being a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that was used by the last common ancestor to all living animals and subsequently has been preserved in most modern lineages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.