ArticlePloS one2015
The inhibition of macrophage foam cell formation by 9-cis β-carotene is driven by BCMO1 activity.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modular PheWAS reveals the therapeutic heterogeneity landscape of Danghong injection on stable angina pectoris.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Recent advances in carotenoid absorption, distribution, and elimination.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids · 2025Review
- Exploring the Potential of Carotenoids in Obesity Management: A Comprehensive Overview.Recent advances in food, nutrition & agriculture · 2025Review
- Modification macrophage to foam cells in atherosclerosis disease: some factors stimulate or inhibit this process.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Immunometabolic effects ofImmunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2024Review
- Isomerization of carotenoids in photosynthesis and metabolic adaptation.Biophysical reviews · 2023Review
- Human nutritional relevance and suggested nutritional guidelines for vitamin A5/X and provitamin A5/X.Nutrition & metabolism · 2023Review
- Trained immunity in monocyte/macrophage: Novel mechanism of phytochemicals in the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- The Role of Diet in Regulation of Macrophages Functioning.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- β-Carotene conversion to vitamin A delays atherosclerosis progression by decreasing hepatic lipid secretion in mice.Journal of lipid research · 2020Article
- The role of β-carotene and vitamin A in atherogenesis: Evidences from preclinical and clinical studies.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids · 2020Review
- β-Carotene Oxygenase 1 Activity Modulates Circulating Cholesterol Concentrations in Mice and Humans.The Journal of nutrition · 2020Article
- Affinity-Driven Design of Cargo-Switching Nanoparticles to Leverage a Cholesterol-Rich Microenvironment for Atherosclerosis Therapy.ACS nano · 2020Article
- Dietary β-Carotene Rescues Vitamin A Deficiency and Inhibits Atherogenesis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Red Light Control of β-Carotene Isomerisation toAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- β-carotene in Obesity Research: Technical Considerations and Current Status of the Field.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Retinol but not retinoic acid can enhance the glutathione level, in a manner similar to β-carotene, in a murine cultured macrophage cell line.Food science & nutrition · 2018Article
- Vitamin A Deficiency and the Lung.Nutrients · 2018Review
- Oxidized LDL phagocytosis during foam cell formation in atherosclerotic plaques relies on a PLD2-CD36 functional interdependence.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2018Article
- Host-related factors explaining interindividual variability of carotenoid bioavailability and tissue concentrations in humans.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2017Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed societies, and begins when activated endothelial cells recruit monocytes and T-cells from the bloodstream into the arterial wall. Macrophages that accumulate cholesterol and other fatty materials are transformed into foam cells. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that a diet rich in carotenoids is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease; while previous work in our laboratory has shown that the 9-cis β-carotene rich alga Dunaliella inhibits atherogenesis in mice. The effect of 9-cis β-carotene on macrophage foam cell formation has not yet been investigated. In the present work, we sought to study whether the 9-cis β-carotene isomer, isolated from the alga Dunaliella, can inhibit macrophage foam cell formation upon its conversion to retinoids. The 9-cis β-carotene and Dunaliella lipid extract inhibited foam cell formation in the RAW264.7 cell line, similar to 9-cis retinoic acid. Furthermore, dietary enrichment with the algal powder in mice resulted in carotenoid accumulation in the peritoneal macrophages and in the inhibition of foam cell formation ex-vivo and in-vivo. We also found that the β-carotene cleavage enzyme β-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase (BCMO1) is expressed and active in macrophages. Finally, 9-cis β-carotene, as well as the Dunaliella extract, activated the nuclear receptor RXR in hepa1-6 cells. These results indicate that dietary carotenoids, such as 9-cis β-carotene, accumulate in macrophages and can be locally cleaved by endogenous BCMO1 to form 9-cis retinoic acid and other retinoids. Subsequently, these retinoids activate the nuclear receptor RXR that, along with additional nuclear receptors, can affect various metabolic pathways, including those involved in foam cell formation and atherosclerosis.
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