ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
Cancer Immunotherapy by Targeting IDO1/TDO and Their Downstream Effectors.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 226 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
226 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 343 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase may be a potential prognostic biomarker and immunotherapy target in cancer: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- The immunotherapeutic role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review.Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery · 2021Pooled it
- The prognostic value of IDO expression in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2020Pooled it
- Phase 1 study of KHK2455, a long-acting, potent and selective IDO1 inhibitor, in combination with avelumab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Cobalt-mediated suppression of IFN-γ-JAK-STAT1 signaling reprograms IDO1-driven immunosuppression for metalloimmunotherapy.Science advances · 2026Article
- Tryptophan metabolism in tumor microenvironment and therapeutic implications.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Solute carrier transporters as metabolic gatekeepers in tumor-microenvironment crosstalk.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Modulating IDO1 and TDO Inhibition Through Structural Modification of Diaryl Hydroxylamines.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota Biomarkers in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer immune tolerance and its therapeutic relevance in immunomodulation (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- HIV-associated immune remodeling in cervical cancer: implications for immunotherapy, biomarkers, and trial design.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms by which tryptophan metabolites enhance intestinal barrier function to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A tryptophan metabolism-related gene signature predicts prognosis and immune features in cutaneous melanoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Metabolic rewiring of the tumor microenvironment: therapeutic intervention of multi-pathway adaptations to impede cancer metastasis.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Metabolic Cross Talk in the Tumor Microenvironment.Cancer treatment and research · 2026Review
- Modulation of the tumor microenvironment by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in colorectal cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Revealed That Tryptophan Metabolism-Related Metabolites Are Biomarkers of Trastuzumab Resistance.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
- The microbiome in cancer.iMeta · 2025Review
- Drug repurposing through Biophysical Insights: Focus on Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase Dual Inhibitors.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
- Role of indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 in modulating the malignant biological behavior of cervical cancer cells through the Tryptophan-Kynurenine pathway.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
166 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tryptophan (TRP) to kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway is now firmly established as a key regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. A plethora of preclinical models suggests that this immune tolerance pathway - driven by the key and rate-limiting enzymes indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase and TRP-2,3-dioxygenase - is active in cancer immunity, autoimmunity, infection, transplant rejection, and allergy. Drugs targeting this pathway, specifically indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, are already in clinical trials with the aim at reverting cancer-induced immunosuppression. In the past years, there has been an increase in our understanding of the regulation and downstream mediators of TRP metabolism, such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a receptor for KYN and kynurenic acid. This more detailed understanding will expand our opportunities to interfere with the pathway therapeutically on multiple levels. Here, we discuss the perspective of targeting TRP metabolism at these different levels based on reviewing recent insight into the regulation of TRP metabolism and its downstream effectors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.