ArticleStroke2015
Analysis of tissue plasminogen activator eligibility by sex in the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study.
Article in Stroke, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Women Independently Living Alone with a Medical Alert Device (WILMA) trial.Translational stroke research · 2015Trial
- Sex differences in baseline characteristics, stroke care, and outcomes across socioeconomic settings: a multicentre study from Switzerland, Poland, and Ukraine.Journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- Racial Disparities in Blood Pressure at Time of Acute Ischemic Stroke Presentation: A Population Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Clinical perspectives on ischemic stroke.Experimental neurology · 2021Review
- Age and sex differences in the pathophysiology of acute CNS injury.Neurochemistry international · 2019Review
- Sex differences in stroke: Challenges and opportunities.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2018Review
- Lack of Worsening of Sleep-Disordered Breathing After Recurrent Stroke in the BASIC Project.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2018Article
- Sex differences in the brain: Implications for behavioral and biomedical research.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2018Review
- Neurology Concepts: Young Women and Ischemic Stroke-Evaluation and Management in the Emergency Department.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2018Article
- Sex differences in stroke therapies.Journal of neuroscience research · 2017Review
- Gender and Time to Arrival among Ischemic Stroke Patients in the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2016Article
- Evaluation of Gene Therapy as an Intervention Strategy to Treat Brain Injury from Stroke.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeSex differences in recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) administration are present in some populations. It is unknown whether this is because of eligibility differences or the modifiable exclusion criterion of severe hypertension. Our aim was to investigate sex differences in r-tPA eligibility, in individual exclusion criteria, and in the modifiable exclusion criterion, hypertension.
methodsWe included all ischemic stroke patients ≥18 years among residents of the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky region who presented to 16-area emergency departments in 2005. Eligibility for r-tPA and individual exclusion criteria were determined using 2013 American Heart Association (AHA) and European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) III guidelines.
resultsOf 1837 ischemic strokes, 58% were women, 24% were black. Mean age in years was 72.2 for women and 66.1 for men. Eligibility for r-tPA was similar by sex (6.8% men and 6.1% women; P=0.55), even after adjusting for age (7.0% and 5.9%; P=0.32). Similar proportions of women and men arrived beyond 3- and 4.5-hour time windows, but more women had severe hypertension. There were no sex differences in blood pressure treatment rates among those with severe hypertension (14.6% women and 20.8% men; P=0.21). More women were >80 years and had National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) >25.
conclusionsWithin a large, biracial population, eligibility for r-tPA was similar by sex. Women were more likely to have the modifiable exclusion criterion of severe hypertension but were not more likely to be treated. Women were more likely to have 2 of the 5 ECASS III exclusion criteria. Undertreatment of hypertension in women is a potentially modifiable contributor to reported differences in r-tPA administration.
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Registered trials
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