ArticleBMJ open2015
Is schizophrenia associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease? A nationwide matched-cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of renal impairment in atypical antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Psychotropic Drugs and Adverse Kidney Effects: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade of Research.CNS drugs · 2022Pooled it
- Concomitant pathologies and their impact on schizophrenia: a narrative overview of current evidence.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Polygenic Resilience Scores are Associated With Lower Penetrance of Schizophrenia Risk Genes, Protection Against Psychiatric and Medical Disorders, and Enhanced Mental Well-Being and Cognition.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in people with severe mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2026Review
- Antioxidant Supplementation with ProCloSupp Protects Against Renal Toxicity of Atypical Antipsychotics in Rats: Implications for Safer Treatment Strategies.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Albuminuria and Mental Illness Risk: Results From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018 and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Polygenic Resilience Scores are Associated with Lower Penetrance of Schizophrenia Risk Genes, Protection Against Psychiatric and Medical Disorders, and Enhanced Mental Well-Being and Cognition.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Peripheral Dopamine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Chronic kidney disease and severe mental illness: a scoping review.Journal of nephrology · 2023Article
- Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation Studies Predict Potential Anti-ADAR2 Inhibitors: Implications for the Treatment of Cancer, Neurological, Immunological and Infectious Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Clinical Laboratory Data in Japan: A Comparative Study of Patients with Psychiatric Disorders and the General Population.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Article
- Improving kidney care for people with severe mental health difficulties: a thematic analysis of twenty-two healthcare providers' perspectives.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- National trends in metabolic risk of psychiatric inpatients in the United States during the atypical antipsychotic era.Schizophrenia research · 2022Article
- The Effects of Use of Long-Term Second-Generation Antipsychotics on Liver and Kidney Function: A Prospective Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Clozapine Worsens Glucose Intolerance, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Kidney Damage, and Retinal Injury and Increases Renal Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Chromium Loss in Obese Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Risk of Psychiatric Disorders in Multiple Sclerosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study in an Asian Population.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2021Article
- Second-generation antipsychotics and the risk of chronic kidney disease: a population-based case-control study.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Machine learning analysis of exome trios to contrast the genomic architecture of autism and schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2020Article
- Epigenetic Associations With Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Among Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe impact of schizophrenia on vital diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), has not as yet been verified. This study aims to establish whether there is an association between schizophrenia and CKD.
designA nationwide matched cohort study.
settingTaiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database.
participantsA total of 2338 patients with schizophrenia, and 7014 controls without schizophrenia (1:3), matched cohort for sex, age group, geography, urbanisation and monthly income, between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2007, based on the International Classifications of Disease Ninth Edition (ICD-9), Clinical Modification codes. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: After making adjustments for confounding risk factors, a Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare the risk of developing CKD during a 3-year follow-up period from the index date.
resultsOf the 2338-subject case cohort, 163 (6.97%) developed a CKD, as did 365 (5.20%) of the 7014 control participants. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that patients with schizophrenia were more likely to develop CKD (HR=1.36, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.63; p<0.001). After adjusting for gender, age group, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, heart disease and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) usage, the HR for patients with schizophrenia was 1.25 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.50; p<0.05). Neither typical nor atypical antipsychotics was associated an increased risk of CKD in patients with schizophrenia.
conclusionsThe findings from this population-based retrospective cohort study suggest that schizophrenia is associated with a 25% increase in the risk of developing CKD within only a 3-year follow-up period.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.