Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25626413›Full record

Trial reportEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2015

Estimating the causal effect of milk powder supplementation on bone mineral density: a randomized controlled trial with both non-compliance and loss to follow-up.

Y Chen, Q Zhang, Y Wang, Y Xiao, R Fu, H Bao, M Liu

Open access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Dairy products and bone health.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Y ChenDepartment of Biostatistics, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, China.
Q ZhangDepartment of Biostatistics, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, China.
Y WangDepartment of Biostatistics, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, China.
Y XiaoDepartment of Biostatistics, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, China.
R FuDepartment of Biostatistics, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, China.
H BaoDepartment of Biostatistics, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, China.
M LiuDepartment of Biostatistics, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, China.
Harbin Medical University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesAlthough previous studies reported that calcium supplementation can effectively improve bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, some studies showed the reverse conclusion. One of the reasons was that most of the studies did not take into full consideration the information of noncompliers, which seriously influenced the precision of conclusion. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral density with correcting impact of noncompliance using the complier average causal effect (CACE). SUBJECTS/

methodsA randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the effect of high-calcium milk powder on bone mineral density. One hundred and forty-one postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to either a control group (n=72) or a milk powder supplementation group (n=69). The participants in the intervention group took 50 g of high-calcium milk powder containing 450 mg of elemental calcium and 400 IU vitamin D every morning and evening, respectively. The effects of the intervention on the primary outcome, bone mineral density, were assessed using the CACE model and intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses.

resultsUsing the CACE model, the calcium supplementation was found to significantly reduce the bone loss at the lumbar spine compared with the control group at 24 months when adjusting the covariates (effect size 1.170, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.376~1.964, P=0.0040). At the hip site, there was no significant difference between the calcium group and the control group. Compared with the control group, no significant weight gain was found in the calcium group over 24 months. However, the calcium group had less height loss at 24 months (effect size 1.040, 95% CI 0.012~2.066, P=0.0470) than the control group. High-density lipoprotein was significantly increased in the calcium group at 12 months (effect size 0.120, 95% CI 0.009~0.232, P=0.0340). Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein were not affected over 24 months. The estimates of complier average causal effect of latent ignorability model with missing data assumption of latent ignorability were consistent with the CACE estimates.

conclusionConsumption of high-calcium milk powder is effective in reducing the bone loss at the lumbar spine among healthy postmenopausal women. Supplementing with high-calcium milk powder had additional benefits of reducing height loss.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsFood, PreservedMilkAbsorptiometry, PhotonAgedAnimalsBody HeightBone and BonesBone DensityBone Density Conservation AgentsCalcium, DietaryChinaDouble-Blind MethodFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansBone Density Conservation AgentsCalcium, DietaryVitamin D

Identifiers

PMID25626413
OpenAlexW1972119492

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.