ArticleOncology letters2015
Retrobulbar metastasis and intracranial invasion from postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature.
Article in Oncology letters, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Orbital Metastasis as the First Manifestation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and Its Effective Treatment with Combined Dual Immunotherapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.The American journal of case reports · 2024Review
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Uncommon Metastasis in the Orbit.Case reports in oncological medicine · 2020Article
- Predictive value of a nomogram for hepatocellular carcinoma with brain metastasis at initial diagnosis: A population-based study.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant cancer of the liver and the third ranking cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Following the diagnosis of HCC, intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastasis patients account for ~50-75% of all HCC cases, lung and regional lymph nodes metastasis are the most common; metastasis to bone, skin and adrenal glands are rare, orbit metastasis and intracranial invasion are extremely rare. The present study reports the rare case of a patient with HCC that metastasized to the head. The patient presented with retrobulbar and intracranial invasion, and sub-scalp extension. Based on imaging findings, the lesion was initially misdiagnosed as meningioma, however, postoperative pathological examinations resulted in a definitive diagnosis of HCC metastasis. Based on the present case and a review of the relevant literature published since 2009, the current study recommends that metastasis must be considered when diagnosing retrobulbar head lesions in patients with HCC, regardless of contradictory imaging findings and other clinical indicators, which may closely mimic the original head lesion.
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