ArticleAnnals of neurology2015
Prediction of brain age suggests accelerated atrophy after traumatic brain injury.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 267 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
267 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 459 citations in OpenAlex.
- Accelerated Aging after Traumatic Brain Injury: An ENIGMA Multi-Cohort Mega-Analysis.Annals of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Age-dependent white matter disruptions after military traumatic brain injury: Multivariate analysis results from ENIGMA brain injury.Human brain mapping · 2022Pooled it
- Factors associated with brain ageing - a systematic review.BMC neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Accelerated Brain Aging in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder Predicts Poorer Outcome With Sertraline: Findings From the EMBARC Study.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2023Trial
- Accelerated brain aging in Veterans with posttraumatic stress symptoms and mild traumatic brain injury.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Article
- Advanced Brain Ageing Associated with Migraine and Post-Traumatic Headache: A Deep Learning Study.Neurology open access · 2026Article
- Investigating the Contribution of Molecular-Enriched Functional Connectivity to Brain-Age Analysis.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Article
- The study of epigenetic clocks in former professional contact sports athletes with repetitive head impacts.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2026Article
- Neonatal brain-age models in full- and preterm infants.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- A 3D Human Neuron-on-Chip Platform to Monitor Neuronal Injury Responses.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Resting State Networks and Their Associations with Cognitive Functions in Traumatic Brain Injury: An Integrative Review.Annals of neurosciences · 2026Review
- Brain age prediction in generalized anxiety disorder using a convolutional neural network.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- superLPNet: a super lightweight parameter deep learning model for brain age estimation from structural MRI.Magma (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Systemic inflammation and its associations in acute moderate-severe Traumatic Brain Injury: a cross-sectional study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Oral Supplementation With a Bovine Thymus Extract Reduces Neuronal Excitability in Aging Mice.FASEB bioAdvances · 2026Article
- Neonatal brain-age models in full- and preterm infants.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A discovery protein panel for brain predicted age discordance using MRI in neurologically healthy individuals.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Th17 cells and IL-17A in traumatic brain injury: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
207 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe long-term effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) can resemble observed in normal ageing, suggesting that TBI may accelerate the ageing process. We investigate this using a neuroimaging model that predicts brain age in healthy individuals and then apply it to TBI patients. We define individuals' differences in chronological and predicted structural "brain age," and test whether TBI produces progressive atrophy and how this relates to cognitive function.
methodsA predictive model of normal ageing was defined using machine learning in 1,537 healthy individuals, based on magnetic resonance imaging-derived estimates of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM). This ageing model was then applied to test 99 TBI patients and 113 healthy controls to estimate brain age.
resultsThe initial model accurately predicted age in healthy individuals (r = 0.92). TBI brains were estimated to be "older," with a mean predicted age difference (PAD) between chronological and estimated brain age of 4.66 years (±10.8) for GM and 5.97 years (±11.22) for WM. This PAD predicted cognitive impairment and correlated strongly with the time since TBI, indicating that brain tissue loss increases throughout the chronic postinjury phase.
interpretationTBI patients' brains were estimated to be older than their chronological age. This discrepancy increases with time since injury, suggesting that TBI accelerates the rate of brain atrophy. This may be an important factor in the increased susceptibility in TBI patients for dementia and other age-associated conditions, motivating further research into the age-like effects of brain injury and other neurological diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.