ReviewNeoplasia (New York, N.Y.)2015
Spherical cancer models in tumor biology.
Review in Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 612 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
612 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Criteria for preclinical models of cholangiocarcinoma: scientific and medical relevance.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2023Guideline
- Magnetic-Based Human Tissue 3D Cell Culture: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Optimization of 3D Spheroid Models of Ovarian, Breast, and Gastric Cancer for Comparative Screening of Drug Candidates.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad signaling reverses the dedifferentiated phenotype of thyroid cancer cells in three-dimensional culture.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Comparison of volumetric dynamic optical coherence tomography with biological methods for evaluation of radiation effects in prostate tumor spheroids.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
- Stroma-oriented tumor microenvironment facilitates intraosseous ameloblastoma tumor growth.iScience · 2026Article
- Overcoming Docetaxel Resistance in Prostate Cancer by Targeting Cell Cycle Progression with Narciclasine-Based Compounds.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Radiomics analysis of 3D spheroids captures irradiation-induced structural and textural changes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional spheroid models in breast cancer: tumor microenvironment complexity, cancer stem cell-driven resistance, and translational model integration.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Beyond DNA damage: 3D tumor models and the integrin mechanobiology of radioresistance.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Advantages and research progress of three-dimensional culture systems for lung cancer drug screening (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- DLBCL-microenvironment interactions: cytokine profiling and ECM-mediated ibrutinib resistance in a 3D bone-based model.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
- A Fully Automated Pipeline for Vertebral Structural Assessment From Medical Images. Application Under Metastatic Conditions.International journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- 3D bioprinting for cancer modeling and drug screening.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- From Technological Innovation to Clinical Translation: Progress and Challenges in 3D Bioprinting for the Development of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis Models.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- High-throughput generation of patient-derived cancer stem cells for precision medicine using a microwell-chip platform.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- A Microwell Array Embedded Microfluidic Gradient Platform for Drug Screening on Tumor Spheroids.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Biofabricated Alginate Hydrogels to Study Prostate Tumoral Microenvironments In Vitro.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Photocaged Chloroquine Derivatives for the Light-Dependent Inhibition of Autophagy in Cancer Stem Cells.ACS chemical biology · 2026Article
- Targeting Apoptosis-Resistant Proliferation: Imatinib-Based Combinations Induce Durable Cytostatic Arrest in 3D Endometrial Cancer Spheroids.Biomedicines · 2026Article
552 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models have been used in cancer research as an intermediate model between in vitro cancer cell line cultures and in vivo tumor. Spherical cancer models represent major 3D in vitro models that have been described over the past 4 decades. These models have gained popularity in cancer stem cell research using tumorospheres. Thus, it is crucial to define and clarify the different spherical cancer models thus far described. Here, we focus on in vitro multicellular spheres used in cancer research. All these spherelike structures are characterized by their well-rounded shape, the presence of cancer cells, and their capacity to be maintained as free-floating cultures. We propose a rational classification of the four most commonly used spherical cancer models in cancer research based on culture methods for obtaining them and on subsequent differences in sphere biology: the multicellular tumor spheroid model, first described in the early 70s and obtained by culture of cancer cell lines under nonadherent conditions; tumorospheres, a model of cancer stem cell expansion established in a serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors; tissue-derived tumor spheres and organotypic multicellular spheroids, obtained by tumor tissue mechanical dissociation and cutting. In addition, we describe their applications to and interest in cancer research; in particular, we describe their contribution to chemoresistance, radioresistance, tumorigenicity, and invasion and migration studies. Although these models share a common 3D conformation, each displays its own intrinsic properties. Therefore, the most relevant spherical cancer model must be carefully selected, as a function of the study aim and cancer type.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.