ArticleBMC veterinary research2015
Seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of hepatitis E virus in household-raised pig population in the Philippines.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current global estimates, risk factors, and knowledge gaps for Hepatitis E virus (HEV): A scoping review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Investigation of Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in fattening pigs in Taiwan.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Sustainability and future outlook of the Philippine pig industry.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2025Article
- Characterization of zoonotic hepatitis E virus in domestic pigs and wild boar in Vietnam: Implications for public health.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Hepatitis E Virus in Livestock-Update on Its Epidemiology and Risk of Infection to Humans.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Hepatitis E virus in pigs and the environment: An updated review of public health concerns.Narra J · 2022Review
- Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis E virus in pigs in Vietnam.BMC veterinary research · 2020Article
- High prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection among domestic pigs in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.BMC veterinary research · 2019Article
- Hepatitis E in southern Vietnam: Seroepidemiology in humans and molecular epidemiology in pigs.Zoonoses and public health · 2018Article
- Recent knowledge on hepatitis E virus in Suidae reservoirs and transmission routes to human.Veterinary research · 2017Review
- From the epidemiology of hepatitis E virus (HEV) within the swine reservoir to public health risk mitigation strategies: a comprehensive review.Veterinary research · 2017Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a significant public health concern in Asia, and swine is an important source of sporadic HEV infection in human. However, no epidemiological data are available regarding HEV infection among the swine or human population in the Philippines. To assess the HEV infection status among pigs in rural areas, we investigated the molecular characteristics and seroprevalence of HEV among household-raised pigs in San Jose, Tarlac Province, the Philippines.
resultSerum and rectal swab samples were collected from 299 pigs aged 2-24 months from 155 households in four barangays (villages) between July 2010 and June 2011. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that 50.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 44.5-56.2%] and 22.9% (95% CI 18.2-28.1%) of pigs tested positive for anti-HEV IgG and IgM, respectively. HEV RNA was detected in the feces of 22 pigs (7.4%, 95% CI 4.7-10.9%). A total of 103 households (66.5%, 95% CI 58.4-73.8%) had at least one pig that tested positive for anti-HEV IgG or IgM or HEV RNA. The prevalence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM in breeding pig (8-24 months) were higher than that in growing pigs (2-4 months) (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.008, respectively). HEV RNA was more frequently detected in 2-4-month-old pigs (9.2%, 95% CI 5.4-14.6%) than in ≥5-month-old pigs (4.8%, 95% CI 1.1-8.5%) without statistical significance (p = 0.142). HEV RNA showed 0-27.6% nucleotide difference at the partial ORF2 gene among the detected viruses, and a majority of them belonged to subtype 3a (20/22, 90.9%).
conclusionWe found a high prevalence of HEV antibodies in the household-raised pig population in rural areas of the Philippines, which indicates the potential risk of HEV infection among local residents. Only genotype 3 of HEV was observed, and genetically diverse strains of HEV were found to be circulating in pigs in this study.
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