ArticleNutrients2015
A pilot study to validate a standardized one-week salt estimation method evaluating salt intake and its sources for family members in China.
Article in Nutrients, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of 24-h urinary output of children and adolescents: impact on the assessment of iodine status using urinary biomarkers.European journal of nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Twenty-Four-Hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Pooled it
- Dietary Sources of Salt in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- App based education programme to reduce salt intake (AppSalt) in schoolchildren and their families in China: parallel, cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Trial
- Salt sales survey: a simplified, cost-effective method to evaluate population salt reduction programs--a cluster-randomized trial.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2016Trial
- Article
- Sodium content targets for pre-packaged foods, China: a quantitative study and proposal.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2023Article
- An mHealth-based school health education system designed to scale up salt reduction in China (EduSaltS): A development and preliminary implementation study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Setting sodium targets for pre-packaged foods in China - an exploratory study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- The Relationship between Health Literacy and Hypertension Control: A Cross-Sectional Study.The journal of Tehran Heart Center · 2022Article
- Validation of 4 Estimating Methods to Evaluate 24-h Urinary Sodium Excretion: Summer and Winter Seasons for College Students in China.Nutrients · 2022Article
- App-Based Salt Reduction Intervention in School Children and Their Families (AppSalt) in China: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Process Evaluation.JMIR research protocols · 2021Article
- Cluster randomised controlled trial of home cook intervention to reduce salt intake in China: a protocol study.BMJ open · 2020Article
- An Application-based programme to reinforce and maintain lower salt intake (AppSalt) in schoolchildren and their families in China.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Differences in nutrient and energy contents of commonly consumed dishes prepared in restaurants v. at home in Hunan Province, China.Public health nutrition · 2018Article
- Adoptable Interventions, Human Health, and Food Safety Considerations for Reducing Sodium Content of Processed Food Products.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Dietary Sources of High Sodium Intake in Turkey: SALTURK II.Nutrients · 2017Article
- Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a new method named the "one-week salt estimation method" that could estimate an individual's salt intake and the sources of salt in the diet, and to evaluate this new method with a 24-h urine collection. The new method estimates salt intake from: (1) household cooking by weighing the family salt container and other high-salt condiments or sauces at the beginning and end of a week; (2) processed food according to established China food composition figures; and (3) cafeteria or restaurant meals using the results of previous studies. Consumption of salt additives and major salt contained foods and salt intake related eating habits were collected using a structured simple seven-day questionnaire. In order to validate the method, we studied 37 individuals from 11 families using the new method and 26 of these participants collected seven concurrent 24-h urine samples. The average salt intake for the 26 participants was 15.6±5.5 g/person/day (mean±standard deviation) by the 24-h urine collection and 13.7±6.5 g/person/day by the new method. The difference was 1.8±4.2 g/day/person (p=0.037). The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.762 (p<0.001) and the partial correlation coefficient was 0.771 (p<0.001) when adjusted for family code. Bland-Altman Plot showed the average of the difference between the two methods was -1.83, with 95% limits of -10.1 to 6.5 g/person/day. The new method showed that 43.7% of salt intake came from household cooking (33.5% from cooking salt, 10.2% from other condiments and sauces), 12.9% from processed food, and 43.4% from eating out. In conclusion, despite its limitations of underestimating salt intake, the "one-week salt estimation method" is easier for people to implement and is likely to provide useful information that highlights the excessively high intake of salt and its sources, and in turn is helpful in guiding dietary salt reduction.
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