Trial reportSleep medicine2015
Longitudinal changes in insomnia status and incidence of physical, emotional, or mixed impairment in postmenopausal women participating in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study.
Trial report in Sleep medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The influence of menopausal status on sleep quality in different populations - a narrative review.Przeglad menopauzalny = Menopause review · 2025Review
- Pathways From Socioeconomic Factors to Major Cardiovascular Events Among Postmenopausal Veteran and Nonveteran Women: Findings From the Women's Health Initiative.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Relationship of psychotropic medication use with physical function among postmenopausal women.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Microbiota Metabolite Profiles and Dietary Intake in Older Individuals with Insomnia of Short vs. Normal Sleep Duration.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Depressive symptoms and antidepressant use in relation to white blood cell count among postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Association Between Insomnia, Stress Events, and Other Psychosocial Factors and Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Postmenopausal Women: Insights From the Women's Health Initiative.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Sleep and affective disorders in relation to Parkinson's disease risk among older women from the Women's Health Initiative.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Observational
- Independent and Joint Associations of Pessimism, Total Calorie Intake and Acid-Producing Diets with Insomnia Symptoms among Breast Cancer Survivors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Association of sleep disturbance with Parkinson disease: evidence from the Women's Health Initiative.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Observational
- Variation in Gut Microbiota Composition is Associated with Sleep Quality and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults with Insomnia.Nature and science of sleep · 2022Article
- Risk Patterns and Mortality in Postmenopausal Women Using Latent Class Analysis.American journal of preventive medicine · 2021Article
- The Evolutionarily Mismatched Impact of Urbanization on Insomnia Symptoms: a Short Review of the Recent Literature.Current psychiatry reports · 2021Review
- Associations between fecal short-chain fatty acids and sleep continuity in older adults with insomnia symptoms.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Dietary Intakes of Women's Health Initiative Long Life Study Participants Falls Short of the Dietary Reference Intakes.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2020Article
- Reciprocal relations between work stress and insomnia symptoms: A prospective study.Journal of sleep research · 2020Article
- Change in longitudinal trends in sleep quality and duration following breast cancer diagnosis: results from the Women's Health Initiative.NPJ breast cancer · 2018Article
- Sleep problems during the menopausal transition: prevalence, impact, and management challenges.Nature and science of sleep · 2018Review
- Enduring sleep complaints predict health problems: a six-year follow-up of the survey of health and retirement in Europe.Aging & mental health · 2017Article
- Sleep Disorders in Multiple Sclerosis.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/
backgroundWe assessed prevalence and correlates of insomnia; associations between changes in insomnia with incidence of physical, emotional, and mixed impairments (PI, EI, and MI, respectively); and age as a moderator in these relationships. PARTICIPANTS/
methodsThe Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial (CT) and observational study (OS) cohorts with 1- and 3-year follow-ups, respectively, were studied. Participants included 39,864 CT and 53,668 OS postmenopausal women free of PI or EI at baseline. Insomnia Rating Scale (IRS), with a cutoff score of ≥9 indicated insomnia. Normal-Normal, Abnormal-Abnormal, Normal-Abnormal, and Abnormal-Normal categories indicated change in insomnia over time. PI, EI, and MI were constructed using Short Form-36 (SF-36) Physical and Emotional subscales (cutoff ≤60) and the modified Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (cutoff ≤0.06).
resultsAmong 93,532 women, 24.5% had insomnia at baseline. The highest odds ratios (ORs) for impairments were found in the Normal-Abnormal and Abnormal-Abnormal categories. In the CT cohort, Normal-Abnormal category, ORs were 1.86 (95% CI = 1.57-2.20) for PI, 4.11 (95% CI = 3.59-4.72) for EI, and 6.37 (95% CI = 4.65-8.74) for MI. Respective ORs for the OS cohort were 1.70 (95% CI = 1.51-1.89), 3.80 (95% CI = 3.39-4.25), and 4.41 (95% CI = 3.56-5.46). Interactions between changes in insomnia and age showed distinct albeit nonsignificant patterns.
conclusionsThe results suggest that exposure to insomnia increases vulnerability to impairment. Future studies are needed to understand the directionality of these relationships.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.