ArticleMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2015
PPARγ upregulation induced by vagus nerve stimulation exerts anti-inflammatory effect in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats.
Article in Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects and neuroprotective mechanisms of vagus nerve stimulation on cognitive impairment with traumatic brain injury in animal studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- Nitro-oleic acid activation of endothelial PPARγ signaling pathway alleviates neurovascular injury and improves functional outcomes in ischemic stroke.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Vagus nerve stimulation alleviates S. aureus-induced mastitis by regulating gut microbiota S24-7-PPARγ and NF-ΚB/NLRP3 signaling in mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Mechanism and Applications of Vagus Nerve Stimulation.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Treatment of Migraine With Phytocannabinoids, the Involvement of Endocannabinoids in Migraine, and Potential Mechanisms of Action.Pain research & management · 2025Review
- Vagus nerve electrical stimulation in the recovery of upper limb motor functional impairment after ischemic stroke.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2024Review
- Vagus nerve stimulation alleviates cardiac dysfunction and inflammatory markers during heart failure in rats.Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical · 2024Article
- Review
- A narrative review of vagus nerve stimulation in stroke.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders: a focus on microglia and neuroinflammation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Vagus nerve stimulation: a physical therapy with promising potential for central nervous system disorders.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- Vagal Stimulation Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Ischemic Stroke.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2023Review
- Exploring the potential of vagus nerve stimulation in treating brain diseases: a review of immunologic benefits and neuroprotective efficacy.European journal of medical research · 2023Review
- The Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Animal Models of Stroke-Induced Injury: A Systematic Review.Biology · 2023Review
- Research advances in the application of vagus nerve electrical stimulation in ischemic stroke.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Protective Effects of PPAROxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- Nuclear Receptors in Myocardial and Cerebral Ischemia-Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Targeting the Autonomic Nervous System for Risk Stratification, Outcome Prediction and Neuromodulation in Ischemic Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIt is well known that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays a protective role in anti-inflammatory responses in both acute and chronic central nerve system (CNS) insults. Emerging evidence in rats suggests that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), while restraining inflammatory cytokine production in the peripheral nervous system, also exerts a significant CNS neuroprotective function against ischemic stroke injury. The aim of this study was to explore the role of PPARγ in VNS-mediated anti-inflammatory protection against ischemic stroke damage. MATERIAL/
methodsAdult male Sprague-Dawley rats (total n=160) preconditioned through transfection with either PPARγ small interfering RNA (siRNA) or lentiviral vector without siRNA and surgically subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion subsequently received VNS treatment at 30 min post-occlusion. The expression of PPARγ after VNS treatment was measured by real-time PCR and Western blotting, also supported by immunofluorescence staining. Subsequently, the neurological deficits scores, the infarct volume, and the brain histopathology were all evaluated. Additionally, the influence on the pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and neuro-immune cells activation was determined by ELISA and immunofluorescence staining.
resultsWe found that VNS upregulated expression of PPARγ in ischemia penumbra, diminished the extent of ischemic infarct, alleviated neuronal injury, and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and immune cell activation (P<0.05). However, rats with PPARγ silencing failed to manifest significant neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effect induced by VNS treatment (p>0.05).
conclusionsPPARγ may participate in the process by which VNS modulates the neuro-inflammatory response following ischemia/reperfusion in rats.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.