Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25617433›Full record

ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2015

Cavefish eye loss in response to an early block in retinal differentiation progression.

Manuel Stemmer, Laura-Nadine Schuhmacher, Nicholas S Foulkes, Cristiano Bertolucci, Joachim Wittbrodt

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Parallel sensory compensation following independent subterranean colonization by groundwater salamanders (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
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  15. Article
  16. Cavefish and the basis for eye loss.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2017
    Review
  17. An Overview of Monthly Rhythms and Clocks.Frontiers in neurology · 2017
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Manuel Stemmer *Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Laura-Nadine Schuhmacher *Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Nicholas S FoulkesCentre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Cristiano BertolucciDepartment of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
Joachim WittbrodtCentre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

Funding

European Research Council 294354
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The troglomorphic phenotype shared by diverse cave-dwelling animals is regarded as a classical example of convergent evolution. One unresolved question is whether the characteristic eye loss in diverse cave species is based on interference with the same genetic program. Phreatichthys andruzzii, a Somalian cavefish, has evolved under constant conditions in complete darkness and shows severe troglomorphic characteristics, such as complete loss of eyes, pigments and scales. During early embryonic development, a complete eye is formed but is subsequently lost. In Astyanax mexicanus, another blind cavefish, eye loss has been attributed to interference during eye field patterning. To address whether similar pathways have been targeted by evolution independently, we investigated the retinal development of P. andruzzii, studying the expression of marker genes involved in eye patterning, morphogenesis, differentiation and maintenance. In contrast to Astyanax, patterning of the eye field and evagination of the optic vesicles proceeds without obvious deviation. However, the subsequent differentiation of retinal cell types is arrested during generation of the first-born cell type, retinal ganglion cells, which also fail to project correctly to the optic tectum. Eye degeneration in both species is driven by progressive apoptosis. However, it is retinal apoptosis in Phreatichthys that progresses in a wave-like manner and eliminates progenitor cells that fail to differentiate, in contrast to Astyanax, where lens apoptosis appears to serve as a driving force. Thus, evolution has targeted late retinal differentiation events, indicating that there are several ways to discontinue the development and maintenance of an eye.

Indexed as

AnimalsApoptosisCell DifferentiationEyeFishesMorphogenesisRetinaAstyanax mexicanusEvolutionEye morphogenesisPhreatichthys andruzziiRetinal developmentTroglomorphism

Identifiers

PMID25617433
PMCPMC4948675

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.