ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Effector Vγ9Vδ2 T cells dominate the human fetal γδ T-cell repertoire.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers.
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Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Framework of Host Innate and Adaptive Immunological Pathways.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Congenital cytomegalovirus infection drives oligoclonal expansion of cytotoxic γδ T cells from early fetal progenitors.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Selective Enrichment of Non-Canonical Vγ9-Jγ2 TRG Clonotypes in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma With Shorter CDR3 Loops.Immune network · 2026Article
- Retinoic acid regulates the development of human definitive hematopoiesis in a non-cell-autonomous manner.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Revisiting T cells: Innate actions and emerging links to innate memory response.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Re-Tooling of γδ T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy Using Advanced Manufacturing and Genetic Engineering.Cells · 2026Review
- Cell stress activates γ9δ2 T cells via endogenous phosphoantigens and butyrophilin complex dynamics.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2026Article
- Inhibitory NK receptor expression associates with altered antimalarial function of γδ T cells.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A pan-cancer single cell landscape reveals heterogeneity and functional diversity of double-negative T cells.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- The immune system of preterm infants: an overview.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Non-Malignant T Cells as Determinants of Immunotherapeutic Response in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Towards Personalized Strategies.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Perinatal γδ T cells: between invariance and diversity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Harnessing Vδ1Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Maternal-fetal dialogue and immunological programming: from fetal development to long-term health outcomes.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Vδ2 T-cells response in people with Mpox infection: a three-month longitudinal assessment.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Phenotypic Remodeling of γδ T Cells in Non-Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- γ9δ2 T cells detect mevalonate diphosphate via BTN3A3.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Disrupting the balance between activating and inhibitory receptors of γδT cells for effective cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- A Brief Molecular History of Vγ9Vδ2 TCR-Mediated Phosphoantigen Sensing.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Diverse Subsets of γδT Cells and Their Specific Functions Across Liver Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
γδ T cells are unconventional T cells recognizing antigens via their γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) in a way that is fundamentally different from conventional αβ T cells. γδ T cells usually are divided into subsets according the type of Vγ and/or Vδ chain they express in their TCR. T cells expressing the TCR containing the γ-chain variable region 9 and the δ-chain variable region 2 (Vγ9Vδ2 T cells) are the predominant γδ T-cell subset in human adult peripheral blood. The current thought is that this predominance is the result of the postnatal expansion of cells expressing particular complementary-determining region 3 (CDR3) in response to encounters with microbes, especially those generating phosphoantigens derived from the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway of isoprenoid synthesis. However, here we show that, rather than requiring postnatal microbial exposure, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are the predominant blood subset in the second-trimester fetus, whereas Vδ1(+) and Vδ3(+) γδ T cells are present only at low frequencies at this gestational time. Fetal blood Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are phosphoantigen responsive and display very limited diversity in the CDR3 of the Vγ9 chain gene, where a germline-encoded sequence accounts for >50% of all sequences, in association with a prototypic CDR3δ2. Furthermore, these fetal blood Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are functionally preprogrammed (e.g., IFN-γ and granzymes-A/K), with properties of rapidly activatable innatelike T cells. Thus, enrichment for phosphoantigen-responsive effector T cells has occurred within the fetus before postnatal microbial exposure. These various characteristics have been linked in the mouse to the action of selecting elements and would establish a much stronger parallel between human and murine γδ T cells than is usually articulated.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.