ArticleTropical animal health and production2015
Risk factors associated with occurrence of African swine fever outbreaks in smallholder pig farms in four districts along the Uganda-Kenya border.
Article in Tropical animal health and production, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Literature Review of Variables Associated with the Occurrence of African Swine Fever.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors associated with the occurrence of African swine fever in Benin.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Article
- Biosecurity risks for African swine fever occurrence in smallholder systems in Gauteng, South Africa.The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal Distribution and Risk Factors of African Swine Fever Outbreak Cases in Uganda for the Period 2010-2023.Viruses · 2025Review
- Transboundary risk of African swine fever (ASF): Detection of ASF virus genotype II in pork products carried by international travelers to Indonesia.Veterinary world · 2025Article
- Drivers and barriers to the choice of production systems among smallholder pig farmers: Evidence from Northern Uganda.Heliyon · 2025Article
- African Swine Fever Perception, Risk Factors, and Socioeconomic Disparities Among Smallholder Domestic Pig Farmers in Serengeti, Tanzania.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- African Swine Fever Diagnosis in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Epidemiological investigation of ASF outbreaks in Kerala (India): detection, source tracing and economic implications.Veterinary research communications · 2024Article
- Cross-sectional serosurvey of Leptospira species among slaughter pigs, goats, and sheep in Uganda.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Understanding Smallholder Pigkeepers' Awareness and Perceptions of African Swine Fever and Its Control Measures in Ukraine.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Global Basic Reproduction Number of African Swine Fever in Wild Boar and a Mental Model to Explore the Disease Dynamics.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Detection of antibodies againstFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Stability of African swine fever virus genome under different environmental conditions.Veterinary world · 2023Article
- Innovative Research Offers New Hope for Managing African Swine Fever Better in Resource-Limited Smallholder Farming Settings: A Timely Update.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Application of Spatial Risk Assessment Integrated With a Mobile App in Fighting Against the Introduction of African Swine Fever in Pig Farms in Thailand: Development Study.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
- Epidemiological analyses of African swine fever in the European Union: (September 2020 to August 2021).EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2022Article
- African Swine Fever Outbreaks in Lithuanian Domestic Pigs in 2019.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Thermal Inactivation of African Swine Fever Virus in Swill.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- The impact of African swine fever virus on smallholder village pig production: An outbreak investigation in Lao PDR.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess risk factors associated with occurrence of African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in smallholder pig farms in four districts along Kenya-Uganda border. Information was collected by administering questionnaires to 642 randomly selected pig households in the study area. The study showed that the major risk factors that influenced ASF occurrence were purchase of pigs in the previous year (p < 0.000) and feeding of pigs with swill (p < 0.024). By employing cluster analysis, three clusters of pig production types were identified based on production characteristics that were found to differ significantly between districts. The most vulnerable cluster to ASF was households with the highest reported number of ASF outbreaks and composed of those that practiced free range at least some of the time. The majority of the households in this cluster were from Busia district in Uganda. On the other hand, the least vulnerable cluster to ASF composed of households that had the least number of pig purchases, minimal swill feeding, and less treatment for internal and external parasites. The largest proportion of households in this cluster was from Busia district Kenya. The study recommended the need to sensitize farmers to adopt proper biosecurity practices such as total confinement of pigs, treatment of swill, isolation of newly purchased pigs for at least 2 weeks, and provision of incentives for farmers to report suspected outbreaks to authorities and rapid confirmation of outbreaks.
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