ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2015
The growing season, but not the farming system, is a food safety risk determinant for leafy greens in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are we overestimating risk of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans?Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2020Pooled it
- Salmonella enterica serovars co-exist sporadically and at low abundance in US mid-Atlantic irrigation ponds.Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 2026Article
- Effects of plants-associated microbiota on cultivation and quality of Chinese herbal medicines.Chinese herbal medicines · 2024Review
- Applied microbiology of the phyllosphere.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Effects of Fumigation on the Reduction ofFoodborne pathogens and disease · 2023Article
- Salmonella and other Enterobacteriaceae in conventional and organic vegetables grown in Brazilian farms.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Article
- A longitudinal study to examine the influence of farming practices and environmental factors on pathogen prevalence using structural equation modeling.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Prevalence and risk factors associated withEpidemiology and infection · 2019Article
- Preharvest Transmission Routes of Fresh Produce Associated Bacterial Pathogens with Outbreak Potentials: A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Review
- Microbiology of organic and conventionally grown fresh produce.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2016Review
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11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Small- and medium-size farms in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States use varied agricultural practices to produce leafy greens during spring and fall, but the impact of preharvest practices on food safety risk remains unclear. To assess farm-level risk factors, bacterial indicators, Salmonella enterica, and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from 32 organic and conventional farms were analyzed. A total of 577 leafy greens, irrigation water, compost, field soil, and pond sediment samples were collected. Salmonella was recovered from 2.2% of leafy greens (n = 369) and 7.7% of sediment (n = 13) samples. There was an association between Salmonella recovery and growing season (fall versus spring) (P = 0.006) but not farming system (organic or conventional) (P = 0.920) or region (P = 0.991). No STEC was isolated. In all, 10% of samples were positive for E. coli: 6% of leafy greens, 18% of irrigation water, 10% of soil, 38% of sediment, and 27% of compost samples. Farming system was not a significant factor for levels of E. coli or aerobic mesophiles on leafy greens but was a significant factor for total coliforms (TC) (P < 0.001), with higher counts from organic farm samples. Growing season was a factor for aerobic mesophiles on leafy greens (P = 0.004), with higher levels in fall than in spring. Water source was a factor for all indicator bacteria (P < 0.001), and end-of-line groundwater had marginally higher TC counts than source samples (P = 0.059). Overall, the data suggest that seasonal events, weather conditions, and proximity of compost piles might be important factors contributing to microbial contamination on farms growing leafy greens.
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