ArticleBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2015
The menstrual bleeding questionnaire: development and validation of a comprehensive patient-reported outcome instrument for heavy menstrual bleeding.
Article in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Déjà vu all over again: a recurrent flaw in anticoagulant study design.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine-device use.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Endometrial resection and ablation techniques for heavy menstrual bleeding.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- A systematic review of methods to measure menstrual blood loss.BMC women's health · 2018Pooled it
- Reusable menstrual hygiene products may lead to underdiagnosis of heavy menstrual bleeding: a randomised trial.BMJ sexual & reproductive health · 2025Trial
- The Impact of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding on Quality of Life: A Mixed-Methods Survey Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- The Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MEDI-Q): reliability and validity of the German version.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Menstrual health and health-related quality of life in Spain: a multicenter cross-sectional study.Reproductive health · 2026Observational
- Real-world use of rivaroxaban for primary thromboprophylaxis and cardiac thrombosis treatment in congenital and acquired heart disease: a prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Improvement in health‑related quality of life in patients with heavy menstrual bleeding after treatment and its association with hereditary bleeding disorders.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Role of Menstrual Bleeding Assessments in Sickle Cell Clinics.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Standardization of Terminology, Definitions, and Outcome Criteria for Bleeding in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: International Consensus Report.American journal of hematology · 2025Review
- Article
- Association between menstrual pad usage, self-reported symptoms, and menstrual blood loss measured by the alkaline hematin method.European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2025Article
- Cross-Cultural adaptation and validation of adolescent menstrual bleeding questionnaire in a Turkish sample.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Adolescents, menstruation, and physical activity: insights from a global scoping review.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Adaptation and Validity/Reliability Evaluation of Menstrual Bleeding Questionnaire in Turkish Adolescent GirlsJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2025Article
- Menstrual bleeding-specific quality of life in women on antiplatelet therapy.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo develop and validate a patient-reported outcome measure for women with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). STUDY
designProspective cohort and cross-sectional studies.
settingOutpatient women's health facility. POPULATION: Women aged between 18 and 55 years with and without self-reported HMB.
methodsUsing data from patients and clinicians, we developed a patient-reported outcome measure for HMB; the Menstrual Bleeding Questionnaire (MBQ). Participants in the validation studies completed demographic and general health questionnaires and either (1) bleeding and quality of life data collected daily on handheld computers and the MBQ after 1 month or (2) the MBQ at enrolment only. A subset of women also completed the Short-form-36 (SF-36) generic quality of life questionnaire. We performed psychometric analyses of the MBQ to assess its internal consistency as well as its content and concurrent validity and ability to discriminate between women with and without HMB.
main outcome measuresPsychometric properties of the questionnaire.
resultsOverall, 182 women participated in the MBQ validation studies. We found that the MBQ domains were internally consistent (Cronbach's α = 0.87-0.94). There was excellent correlation between daily bleeding-related symptom data and the MBQ completed at 1 month (ρ > 0.7 for all domains). We found low to moderate correlation between the MBQ scores and SF-36 scores (ρ = -0.15 to -0.45). The MBQ clearly discriminated between women with and without HMB (mean MBQ score = 10.6 versus 30.8, P < 0.0001).
conclusionsThe MBQ is a valid patient-reported outcome measure for HMB that has the potential to improve the evaluation of women with self-reported HMB in research and clinical practice.
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