SynthesisRespirology (Carlton, Vic.)2015
Incidence of viral infection detected by PCR and real-time PCR in childhood community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Respirology (Carlton, Vic.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Atypical causes of respiratory virus infections in Sub-Saharan Africa from 2013- 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Global burden of acute lower respiratory infection associated with human metapneumovirus in children under 5 years in 2018: a systematic review and modelling study.The Lancet. Global health · 2021Pooled it
- Human metapneumovirus in patients hospitalized with acute respiratory infections: A meta-analysis.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2016Pooled it
- Viral infection in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2016Pooled it
- Lung ultrasound and procalcitonin, improving antibiotic management and avoiding radiation exposure in pediatric critical patients with bacterial pneumonia: a randomized clinical trial.European journal of medical research · 2024Trial
- Etiology and Clinical Manifestations of Acute Respiratory Infections in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Study in Moscow, Russia.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Vaccine Development for Human Pneumoviruses.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Article
- Patterns and predictors of positive multiplex polymerase chain reaction respiratory panel among patients with acute respiratory infections in a single center in Lebanon.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Pathogen spectra in hospitalised and nonhospitalised children with community-acquired pneumonia.ERJ open research · 2023Article
- Biomarkers of viral and bacterial infection in rhinovirus pneumonia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Etiology and the challenge of diagnostic testing of community-acquired pneumonia in children and adolescents.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Viral and atypical respiratory co-infections in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2020Article
- Human bocavirus infection in Belgian children with respiratory tract disease.Archives of virology · 2019Article
- Epidemiology of viral acute lower respiratory infections in a community-based cohort of rural north Indian children.Journal of global health · 2019Article
- Characteristics of Hospitalized Rhinovirus-Associated Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children, Finland, 2003-2014.Frontiers in medicine · 2019Article
- Infections and coinfections by respiratory human bocavirus during eight seasons in hospitalized children.Journal of medical virology · 2016Article
- Recent Developments in Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Current infectious disease reports · 2016Article
- Time to reconsider routine high-dose amoxicillin for community-acquired pneumonia in all Canadian children.Paediatrics & child health · 2016Article
- Viral Infection in the Development and Progression of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several studies examining the incidence of viral infection in childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) utilizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or real-time PCR methods have been reported. We systematically searched Pubmed and Embase for studies reporting the incidence of respiratory viral infection in childhood CAP. The pooled incidences of viral infection were calculated with a random-effects model. Sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis and a univariant metaregression analysis. We included 21 eligible reports in our study. We found significant heterogeneity on the incidence of viral infection in childhood CAP. The random effects pooled incidence was 57.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 50.8-64.1). The pooled incidence of mixed infection was 29.3% (95%CI: 23.0-35.6) with considerable heterogeneity. The pooled incidence of mixed infection was 29.3% (95%CI: 23.0-35.6). Rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and bocavirus were found to be the three most common viruses in childhood CAP. We also demonstrated that respiratory viruses were detected in 76.1% of patients aged ≤ 1 year, 63.1% of patients aged 2-5 years and 27.9% of patients aged ≥ 6 years. We conclude that respiratory viruses are widely detected in paediatric patients with CAP by PCR or real-time PCR methods. More than half of viral infections are probably concurrent with bacterial infections. Rhinovirus, RSV and bocavirus are the three most frequent viruses identified in childhood CAP; the incidence of viral infection decreased with age.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.