ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2015
Cholesterol, inflammation and innate immunity.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03829046 (The Effects of Evolocumab on Endothelial and Inflammatory Biocellular Markers in Patients With Diabetes and Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 856 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effects of Evolocumab on Endothelial and Inflammatory Biocellular Markers in Patients With Diabetes and Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease (METCHNIKOFF)
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
856 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,415 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review of OxLDL Driven Inflammatory Cell Activation.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical value of controlling nutritional status scores in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- A dual-targeting mRNA lipid nanoparticle restores ABCA1-dependent cholesterol homeostasis to promote repair of age-related bone defects.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Proteomic Mendelian randomization and machine learning reveal causal plasma biomarkers in cardiorenal comorbidity.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Hepatic fibrosis extracellular matrix stiffness induces abnormal maturation of dendritic cell via AMPK inhibition-mediated cholesterol accumulation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Radiomics derived from MRI T2-weighted imaging combined with clinical variables for predicting disease severity in hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Article
- Monocyte Activation Drives Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertension.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Article
- Unveiling Endotypes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Through Multiomic Analysis: Insights Into Cardiovascular and Renal Complications.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Regulatory Bottlenecks Linking HDL Dysfunction, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress: A Petri Net-Based Systems Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- ABCA1 as a Gatekeeper of Pancreatic β-Cell Cholesterol Homeostasis: Links Between Lipoprotein Stress, Lipotoxicity, and Insulin Secretion.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Article
- Divergent biological consequences of APOE isoforms across industrialized and non-industrial environments.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Targeting PID1 generates oxysterols to switch macrophage cell fates for improved antitumor immunity.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Impact of Preoperative Nutrition Status on Wound Healing in Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia Undergoing Endovascular Therapy.Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial Redox Failure Links Senescence-like Foam Cell Stress to Ferroptosis and Plaque Non-Resolution in Atherosclerosis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pathological depositions in human disease: converging mechanisms in atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and related disorders.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Macrophage Lipid Homeostasis Drives IVDD via a Senescence-Dependent Impairment of Efferocytosis.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Ag85A-PEGylated Propolis Nanoparticles Exhibit Intracellular Antimycobacterial and Host-Protective Activities AgainstInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
796 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Hypercholesterolaemia leads to cholesterol accumulation in macrophages and other immune cells, which promotes inflammatory responses, including augmentation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, inflammasome activation, and the production of monocytes and neutrophils in the bone marrow and spleen. On a cellular level, activation of TLR signalling leads to decreased cholesterol efflux, which results in further cholesterol accumulation and the amplification of inflammatory responses. Although cholesterol accumulation through the promotion of inflammatory responses probably has beneficial effects in the response to infections, it worsens diseases that are associated with chronic metabolic inflammation, including atherosclerosis and obesity. Therapeutic interventions such as increased production or infusion of high-density lipoproteins may sever the links between cholesterol accumulation and inflammation, and have beneficial effects in patients with metabolic diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.