ArticleCognition2015
Giving and taking: representational building blocks of active resource-transfer events in human infants.
Article in Cognition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Infants use helping to infer the existence and strength of caring relationships.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Inferring the internal structure of groups through the integration of statistical learning and causal reasoning.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Eleven-Month-Old Infants Preferentially Look at Helpers But Do Not Reliably Evaluate Inconsistent Actors.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2026Article
- Young Children's Understanding of Helping as Increasing Another Agent's Utility.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2025Article
- Early-emerging combinatorial thought: Human infants flexibly combine kind and quantity concepts.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The Representation of Giving Actions: Event Construction in the Service of Monitoring Social Relationships.Current directions in psychological science · 2024Article
- Seeing social interactions.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2023Review
- Evidence for a Shared Instrument Prototype from English, Dutch, and German.Cognitive science · 2022Article
- Nonverbal Action Interpretation Guides Novel Word Disambiguation in 12-Month-Olds.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2022Article
- Facilitation of object encoding in infants by the observation of giving.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- For 19-Month-Olds, What Happens On-Screen Stays On-Screen.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2021Article
- Thematic roles: Core knowledge or linguistic construct?Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2019Review
- Minimal Cues of Possession Transfer Compel Infants to Ascribe the Goal of Giving.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2019Article
- Outcome-Based Evaluations of Social Interaction Valence in a Contingent Response Context.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
- The choice is yours: Infants' expectations about an agent's future behavior based on taking and receiving actions.Developmental psychology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Active resource transfer is a pervasive and distinctive feature of human sociality. We hypothesized that humans possess an action schema of giving specific for representing social interactions based on material exchange, and specified the set of necessary assumptions about giving events that this action schema should be equipped with. We tested this proposal by investigating how 12-month-old infants interpret abstract resource-transfer events. Across eight looking-time studies using a violation-of-expectation paradigm we found that infants were able to distinguish between kinematically identical giving and taking actions. Despite the surface similarity between these two actions, only giving was represented as an object-mediated social interaction. While we found no evidence that infants expected the target of a giving or taking action to reciprocate, the present results suggest that infants interpret giving as an inherently social action, which they can possibly use to map social relations via observing resource-transfer episodes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.