ArticleNeuromolecular medicine2015
NNZ-2566, a novel analog of (1-3) IGF-1, as a potential therapeutic agent for fragile X syndrome.
Article in Neuromolecular medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Converging neurotrophic-immune signaling in autism spectrum disorder: integrative roles of klotho, GDNF/GFRA-1, IGF-1 and GLP-1 pathways.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Cell-type-dependent decline of IGF1 and IGF1R in the prefrontal cortex contributes to age-related behavioral changes.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Trofinetide Improves Cognitive Function in APP/PS1 Mice by Suppressing Inflammation and Apoptosis.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- The Emerging Role of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Fragile X Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Growth-suppressor microRNAs mediate synaptic overgrowth and behavioral deficits in Fragile X mental retardation protein deficiency.iScience · 2024Article
- Profile of Trofinetide in the Treatment of Rett Syndrome: Design, Development and Potential Place in Therapy.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Review
- Trofinetide for Rett Syndrome: Highlights on the Development and Related Inventions of the First USFDA-Approved Treatment for Rare Pediatric Unmet Medical Need.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Trofinetide: First Approval.Drugs · 2023Review
- Article
- IGF-1 as a Potential Therapy for Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Review
- An Update on Psychopharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Review
- Role of phosphodiesterases in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Review
- Effects of the sigma-1 receptor agonist blarcamesine in a murine model of fragile X syndrome: neurobehavioral phenotypes and receptor occupancy.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Consumption of Breast Milk Is Associated with Decreased Prevalence of Autism in Fragile X Syndrome.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Rett Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome: Different Etiology With Common Molecular Dysfunctions.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Review
- IGF-1 treatment causes unique transcriptional response in neurons from individuals with idiopathic autism.Molecular autism · 2020Article
- Preclinical testing of the ketogenic diet in fragile X mice.Neurochemistry international · 2020Article
- Fragile X syndrome clinical trials: exploring parental decision-making.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability. Previous studies have implicated mGlu5 in the pathogenesis of the disease, and many agents that target the underlying pathophysiology of FXS have focused on mGluR5 modulation. In the present work, a novel pharmacological approach for FXS is investigated. NNZ-2566, a synthetic analog of a naturally occurring neurotrophic peptide derived from insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), was administered to fmr1 knockout mice correcting learning and memory deficits, abnormal hyperactivity and social interaction, normalizing aberrant dendritic spine density, overactive ERK and Akt signaling, and macroorchidism. Altogether, our results indicate a unique disease-modifying potential for NNZ-2566 in FXS. Most importantly, the present data implicate the IGF-1 molecular pathway in the pathogenesis of FXS. A clinical trial is under way to ascertain whether these findings translate into clinical effects in FXS patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.