ArticleScientific reports2015
Neuronal exosomes facilitate synaptic pruning by up-regulating complement factors in microglia.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers.
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Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 198 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hippocampal neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulate microglia to promote resilience against tau oligomers.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Exosomes derived from M1-macrophage promote enteric neuronal injury via MMP8-TGF-β pathway.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Article
- Status Epilepticus Alters the Function of Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Exosomes in Amyloid Propagation-Roles in Neurodegeneration.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Comparative Multiomics Analysis of Cerebral Organoid-Derived Exosomes during Organoid Maturation.Nano letters · 2026Article
- Key features of the innate immune response is mediated by the immunoproteasome in microglia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Stress-induced brain extracellular vesicles ameliorate anxiety behavior.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Regulators in Central Nervous System Disease Progression.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Gangliosides modulate the secretion of extracellular vesicles and their misfolded protein cargo.Science advances · 2025Article
- The Multifaceted Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Neural Progenitor Cell- and Developing Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Differentially Modulate Microglial Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Spreading depolarization triggers pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling: a potential link to headache.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Aging-induced alterations in microglial cells and their impact on neurodegenerative disorders.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- High-density multielectrode arrays bring cellular resolution to neuronal activity and network analyses of corticospinal motor neurons.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles as precision therapeutics for psychiatric conditions: targeting interactions among neuronal, glial, and immune networks.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Increased levels of extracellular matrix proteins associated with extracellular vesicles from brains of aged mice.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Ectopic expression of the cation-chloride cotransporter KCC2 in blood exosomes as a biomarker for functional rehabilitation.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Exosomes enriched with miR-124-3p show therapeutic potential in a new microfluidic triculture model that recapitulates neuron-glia crosstalk in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The Critical Role of Autophagy and Phagocytosis in the Aging Brain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Selective elimination of synaptic connections is a common phenomenon which occurs during both developmental and pathological conditions. Glial cells have a central role in the pruning of synapses by specifically engulfing the degenerating neurites of inappropriate connections, but its regulatory mechanisms have been largely unknown. To identify mediators of this process, we established an in vitro cell culture assay for the synapse elimination. Neuronal differentiation and synapse formation of PC12 cells were induced by culturing the cells with nerve growth factor (NGF) in a serum-free medium. To trigger synapse elimination, the NGF-containing medium was replaced with DMEM containing 10% FBS, and the neurites of PC12 cells degenerated within two days. Co-culturing with MG6 cells, a mouse microglial cell line, accelerated the removal of degenerating neurites of PC12 cells by phagocytosis. When MG6 cells were pre-incubated with exosomes secreted from the differentiated PC12 cells after depolarization, the removal was further accelerated by increasing the expression levels of complement component 3 in the MG6 cells. These results define a role for exosomes as a regulator of synapse elimination and clarify a novel mechanism whereby active synapses promote the pruning of inactive ones by stimulating microglial phagocytosis with exosomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.