ArticleJournal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR2015
Predicting vocabulary growth in children with and without specific language impairment: a longitudinal study from 2;6 to 21 years of age.
Article in Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Vocabulary interventions for children with developmental language disorder: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Connecting Language Abilities and Social Competence in Children: A Meta-Analytic Review.Child developmentPooled it
- Short-Term Effects of a Caregiver-Mediated Intervention for Preschoolers at Risk for Developmental Language Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Trial
- Psychosocial deprivation and receptive language ability: a two-sample study.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2020Trial
- Adjective Learning in Young Typically Developing Children and Children With Developmental Language Disorder: A Retrieval-Based Approach.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2019Trial
- Improving storytelling and vocabulary in secondary school students with language disorder: a randomized controlled trial.International journal of language & communication disorders · 2019Trial
- Vocabulary Breadth and Depth in Adults With Developmental Language Disorder.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Study of Language of Twins at Ages 9 and 14 Years: Twinning, Zygosity, and Heritability.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Article
- Early Language Development in Infants and Toddlers with Hemato-Oncological Diseases: Preliminary Outcomes of a Shared Reading Intervention.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Developmental Language Disorder as a Multidimensional Neurodevelopmental Spectrum: Implications for Diagnosis.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2025Review
- Grammaticality of Tag Questions as a Longitudinal Morphosyntactic Marker of Children With Specific Language Impairment Compared to Peers Ages 5-18 Years.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2025Article
- Word Learning in Children With Developmental Language Disorder: The Use of Retrieval Practice During Shared Book Reading.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2025Article
- Examining the Relation Between Prenatal Emotion Dysregulation and Toddler Vocabulary Development: A Biobehavioral Approach.Developmental psychobiology · 2025Article
- Inferring Word Class and Meaning From Spoken and Written Texts: A Comparison of Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2024Article
- Learning Verbs in Sentences: Children With Developmental Language Disorder and the Role of Retrieval Practice.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2024Article
- Effects of dual- and single-language exposure on children's word learning: Experimentally testing the role of competition.Journal of experimental child psychology · 2024Article
- The Combined Contributions of Newborn Stress and Parenting Stress on Toddler Language Development.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Beyond Language Scores: How Language Exposure Informs Assessment of Nonword Repetition, Vocabulary and Narrative Macrostructure in Bilingual Turkish/Swedish Children with and without Developmental Language Disorder.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Utility of the Language Use Inventory in Young Children at Elevated Likelihood of Autism.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2024Article
- Longitudinal Grammaticality Judgments of Tense Marking in Complex Questions in Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment, Ages 5-18 Years.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2023Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeChildren with specific language impairment (SLI) often have vocabulary impairments. This study evaluates longitudinal growth in a latent trait of receptive vocabulary in affected and unaffected children ages 2;6 (years;months) to 21 years and evaluates as possible predictors maternal education, child gender, and nonverbal IQ.
methodA sample of 519 participants (240 with SLI; 279 unaffected) received an average of 7 annual assessments for a total of 3,012 latent trait Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) observations. Unconditional and conditional multilevel growth models were estimated to evaluate growth trajectories and predictor relationships over time.
resultsChildren with SLI had lower levels of receptive vocabulary throughout the age range assessed. They did not close the gap with age peers. Children with higher nonverbal IQs had better PPVT performance, as did children of mothers with higher education. Child gender showed an advantage for young girls that leveled out with age and then became an advantage for boys from ages 10 to 21 years. All children's rate of vocabulary acquisition slowed around 12 years of age.
conclusionsThe outcomes of the study have implications for hypothesized causal pathways for individual differences; predictions differ for children under 5 years, 6-10 years, and later ages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.