ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
CD4 T Cells Mediate Both Positive and Negative Regulation of the Immune Response to HIV Infection: Complex Role of T Follicular Helper Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Pathogenesis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of regulatory T cells in infant HIV pathogenesis: therapeutic strategies.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Influence of cytokines on the recovery trajectory of HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy: A review.Medicine · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy Innovations in the Fight against Osteosarcoma: Emerging Strategies and Promising Progress.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Portrayed against HIV: Contrary Viral Strategies in Similar Disguise.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Immune Dysregulation in Myocardial Fibrosis, Steatosis, and Heart Failure: Current Insights from HIV and the General Population.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- Sharing CD4+ T Cell Loss: When COVID-19 and HIV Collide on Immune System.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Increased Regulatory T-Cell Activity and Enhanced T-Cell Homeostatic Signaling in Slow Progressing HIV-infected Children.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Regulatory CD4 T cells inhibit HIV-1 expression of other CD4 T cell subsets via interactions with cell surface regulatory proteins.Virology · 2018Article
- Rationale for an Association Between PD1 Checkpoint Inhibition and Therapeutic Vaccination Against HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Differentiating Immune Cell Targets in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue for HIV Cure.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2017Review
- An Activating Janus Kinase-3 Mutation Is Associated with Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4-Dependent Immune Dysregulation Syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- The Role of CD4+ T Follicular Helper Cells in HIV Infection: From the Germinal Center to the Periphery.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Divergent Expression of CXCR5 and CCR5 on CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- The latest science from the IAS Towards an HIV Cure Symposium: 16-17 July 2016, Durban, South Africa.Journal of virus eradication · 2016Article
- Blocking CXCL9 Decreases HIV-1 Replication and Enhances the Activity of Prophylactic Antiretrovirals in Human Cervical Tissues.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Article
- The effect of cellular isolation and cryopreservation on the expression of markers identifying subsets of regulatory T cells.Journal of immunological methods · 2016Article
- Aggravation of Helicobacter pylori stomach infections in stressed military recruits.The Journal of international medical research · 2016Observational
- Reciprocal relationship of T regulatory cells and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in LP-BM5 murine retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency.The Journal of general virology · 2016Article
- Editorial: T cell regulation by the environment.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
HIV-1 infection results in chronic activation of cells in lymphoid tissue, including T cells, B-cells, and myeloid lineage cells. The resulting characteristic hyperplasia is an amalgam of proliferating host immune cells in the adaptive response, increased concentrations of innate response mediators due to viral and bacterial products, and homeostatic responses to inflammation. While it is generally thought that CD4 T cells are greatly depleted, in fact, two types of CD4 T cells appear to be increased, namely, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T follicular helper cells (Tfh). These cells have opposing roles, but may both be important in the pathogenic process. Whether Tregs are failing in their role to limit lymphocyte activation is unclear, but there is no doubt now that Tfh are associated with B-cell hyperplasia and increased germinal center activity. Antiretroviral therapy may reduce the lymphocyte activation, but not completely, and therefore, there is a need for interventions that selectively enhance normal CD4 function without exacerbating Tfh, B-cell, or Treg dysfunction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.