ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2014
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) neurofeedback as a treatment for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-a pilot study.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 49 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Biofeedback Training in Schoolchildren With an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Differential Effects of Training in a 2D or 3D Environment
Developing an EEG-fNIRS Neurofeedback Application for Brain Training for Autistic Children
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review on Feature Extraction in Electroencephalography-Based Diagnostics and Therapy in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- How standardized are "standard protocols"? Variations in protocol and performance evaluation for slow cortical potential neurofeedback: A systematic review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- The Potential of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Neurofeedback-A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Best Practice.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- A randomized-controlled neurofeedback trial in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Real-time fMRI neurofeedback in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Human brain mapping · 2017Trial
- An RCT into the effects of neurofeedback on neurocognitive functioning compared to stimulant medication and physical activity in children with ADHD.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Article
- fNIRS-based neurofeedback targeting the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in children at familial risk for substance use disorder and/or severe mental illness: a proof-of-concept study from eastern India.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Review
- NINFA: Non-commercial interface for neuro-feedback acquisitions.Neurophotonics · 2025Article
- Article
- From lab to life: challenges and perspectives of fNIRS for haemodynamic-based neurofeedback in real-world environments.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based neurofeedback training targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex induces changes in cortico-striatal functional connectivity.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Functional near-infrared spectroscopy neurofeedback of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex enhances human spatial working memory.Neurophotonics · 2023Article
- Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in pediatric clinical research: Different pathophysiologies and promising clinical applications.Neurophotonics · 2023Article
- Current opinions on the present and future use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in psychiatry.Neurophotonics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this pilot study near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) neurofeedback was investigated as a new method for the treatment of Attention Deficit-/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Oxygenated hemoglobin in the prefrontal cortex of children with ADHD was measured and fed back. 12 sessions of NIRS-neurofeedback were compared to the intermediate outcome after 12 sessions of EEG-neurofeedback (slow cortical potentials, SCP) and 12 sessions of EMG-feedback (muscular activity of left and right musculus supraspinatus). The task was either to increase or decrease hemodynamic activity in the prefrontal cortex (NIRS), to produce positive or negative shifts of SCP (EEG) or to increase or decrease muscular activity (EMG). In each group nine children with ADHD, aged 7-10 years, took part. Changes in parents' ratings of ADHD symptoms were assessed before and after the 12 sessions and compared within and between groups. For the NIRS-group additional teachers' ratings of ADHD symptoms, parents' and teachers' ratings of associated behavioral symptoms, childrens' self reports on quality of life and a computer based attention task were conducted before, 4 weeks and 6 months after training. As primary outcome, ADHD symptoms decreased significantly 4 weeks and 6 months after the NIRS training, according to parents' ratings. In teachers' ratings of ADHD symptoms there was a significant reduction 4 weeks after the training. The performance in the computer based attention test improved significantly. Within-group comparisons after 12 sessions of NIRS-, EEG- and EMG-training revealed a significant reduction in ADHD symptoms in the NIRS-group and a trend for EEG- and EMG-groups. No significant differences for symptom reduction were found between the groups. Despite the limitations of small groups and the comparison of a completed with two uncompleted interventions, the results of this pilot study are promising. NIRS-neurofeedback could be a time-effective treatment for ADHD and an interesting new option to consider in the treatment of ADHD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.