ArticleBMC evolutionary biology2015
The population genetics of wild chimpanzees in Cameroon and Nigeria suggests a positive role for selection in the evolution of chimpanzee subspecies.
Article in BMC evolutionary biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence for multiple past introgressions among chimpanzee subspecies during warming periods.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Ecological correlates of chimpanzee termite fishing behavior in Mbam & Djerem National Park, Cameroon.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Population dynamics and genetic connectivity in recent chimpanzee history.Cell genomics · 2022Article
- Rivers, not refugia, drove diversification in arboreal, sub-Saharan African snakes.Ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Population history of chimpanzees introduced to Lake Victoria's Rubondo Island.Primates; journal of primatology · 2021Article
- A fully integrated machine learning scan of selection in the chimpanzee genome.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2020Article
- Assessment of in situ nest decay rate for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti Matschie, 1914) in Mbam-Djerem National Park, Cameroon: implications for long-term monitoring.Primates; journal of primatology · 2020Article
- Developing ancestry informative marker panel for Nigeria- Cameroonian chimpanzees.Journal of genetics · 2020Article
- Habitat differentiation among three Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee (Ecology and evolution · 2019Article
- Article
- The impact of endogenous content, replicates and pooling on genome capture from faecal samples.Molecular ecology resources · 2018Article
- Graphics for relatedness research.Molecular ecology resources · 2017Article
- Chimpanzee genomic diversity reveals ancient admixture with bonobos.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2016Article
- Why Are Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti) Free of SIVcpz Infection?PloS one · 2016Article
- Environmental variation and rivers govern the structure of chimpanzee genetic diversity in a biodiversity hotspot.BMC evolutionary biology · 2015Article
- Chimpanzee population structure in Cameroon and Nigeria is associated with habitat variation that may be lost under climate change.BMC evolutionary biology · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) can be divided into four subspecies. Substantial phylogenetic evidence suggests that these subspecies can be grouped into two distinct lineages: a western African group that includes P. t. verus and P. t. ellioti and a central/eastern African group that includes P. t. troglodytes and P. t. schweinfurthii. The geographic division of these two lineages occurs in Cameroon, where the rages of P. t. ellioti and P. t. troglodytes appear to converge at the Sanaga River. Remarkably, few population genetic studies have included wild chimpanzees from this region.
resultsWe analyzed microsatellite genotypes of 187 wild, unrelated chimpanzees, and mitochondrial control region sequencing data from 604 chimpanzees. We found that chimpanzees in Cameroon and eastern Nigeria comprise at least two, and likely three populations. Both the mtDNA and microsatellite data suggest that there is a primary separation of P. t. troglodytes in southern Cameroon from P. t. ellioti north and west of the Sanaga River. These two populations split ~200-250 thousand years ago (kya), but have exchanged one migrant per generation since separating. In addition, P. t. ellioti consists of two populations that split from one another ~4 kya. One population is located in the rainforests of western Cameroon and eastern Nigeria, whereas the second population appears to be confined to a savannah-woodland mosaic in central Cameroon.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that there are as many as three genetically distinct populations of chimpanzees in Cameroon and eastern Nigeria. P. t. troglodytes in southern Cameroon comprises one population that is separated from two populations of P. t. ellioti in western and central Cameroon, respectively. P. t. ellioti and P. t. troglodytes appear to be characterized by a pattern of isolation-with-migration, and thus, we propose that neutral processes alone can not explain the differentiation of P. t. ellioti and P. t. troglodytes.
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