Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25605559›Full record

ArticleKnee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA2016

The effect of knee flexion and rotation on the tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance.

Carlo Camathias, Geert Pagenstert, Ulrich Stutz, Alexej Barg, Magdalena Müller-Gerbl, Andrej M Nowakowski

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Article in Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Influence of the screw-home mechanism on TT-TG distance: a 3D kinematic simulation study.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Carlo CamathiasPaediatric Orthopaedic Department, University Children's Hospital Basle (UKBB), Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland. camathias.carlo@gmail.com.
Geert PagenstertOrthopaedic Department, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
Ulrich StutzInstitute of Anatomy, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 20, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
Alexej BargOrthopaedic Department, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
Magdalena Müller-GerblInstitute of Anatomy, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 20, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
Andrej M NowakowskiOrthopaedic Department, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe purpose was to measure the effect of flexion and additional rotation of the femur relative to the tibia on the tuberosity-trochlear groove distance (TT-TG) in the same subject in 20 cadaveric knees joint.

methodsIn 20 human adult cadavers, formal fixed knees (age: 81.9 years, SD 12.3; 10 female) CT scans were performed in extension and 30° of flexion as well as in neutral, maximal possible internal (IR), and external rotation (ER). On superimposed CT scan images, TT-TG was measured in each position. TT-TG measurements were correlated in all knee positions.

resultsTT-TG in full extension/neutral rotation was 7.8 mm (SD 3.4, range, 2.4-15.3). TT-TG in full extension and IR was significantly lower, and TT-TG in full extension and ER was significantly higher than in neutral rotation (5.4 ± 2.3 vs. 10.9 ± 4.8 mm; P < 0.001). IR and ER varied between 1.0°-7.6° and 0.2°-9.2°, respectively. TT-TG in 30° flexion/neutral rotation was 3.9 mm (SD 1.8, range, 1.3-7.8), which was significantly lower than in full extension and neutral rotation (P < 0.001). TT-TG in 30° flexion and IR was significantly lower, and TT-TG in 30° flexion and ER was significantly higher than values obtained in neutral rotation (2.7 ± 1.2 vs. 6.5 ± 3.4 mm; P < 0.001). IR and ER in 30° flexion varied between 0.6°-10.7° and 1.9°-13.0°, respectively.

conclusionFlexion as well as rotation of the knee joint significantly alters the TT-TG. These results may have wider clinical relevance in assessing TT-TG and further decisions based on it.

Indexed as

Range of Motion, ArticularRotationAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleFemurHumansKnee JointMaleMiddle AgedTibiaTomography, X-Ray ComputedCadaverFemoro-patellar instabilityPatellar instabilityRotationRotation instabilityTibial tuberosity–trochlear groove distanceTT–TG

Identifiers

PMID25605559

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.