Trial reportEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2015
Insights into bacterial colonization of intensive care patients' skin: the effect of chlorhexidine daily bathing.
Trial report in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of chlorhexidine bathing on hospital-acquired bloodstream infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- The efficacy of daily chlorhexidine bathing for preventing healthcare-associated infections in adult intensive care units.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Short- and long-term impact of aseptic bathing strategies on the skin microbiome in ICU patients.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Long-Term Daily Chlorhexidine Foot Cleansing Reduces Staphylococcal Burden on the Feet of People with Prior Diabetic Foot Complications.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Integrative Multiomics Approach to Skin: The Sinergy between Individualised Medicine and Futuristic Precision Skin Care?Metabolites · 2024Review
- SAPS2, APACHE2, SOFA, and Core-10-TISS upon admission as risk indicators for ICU-acquired infections: a retrospective cohort study.Infection · 2023Article
- Skin Microbiota and the Cosmetic Industry.Microbial ecology · 2023Review
- Towards standardized and reproducible research in skin microbiomes.Environmental microbiology · 2022Review
- Cutaneous Microbiome Profiles Following Chlorhexidine Treatment in a 72-Hour Daily Follow-Up Paired Design: a Pilot Study.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Longitudinal Dynamics of Skin Bacterial Communities in the Context of Staphylococcus aureus Decolonization.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Challenges in exploring and manipulating the human skin microbiome.Microbiome · 2021Review
- Assessing the Potential for Unintended Microbial Consequences of Routine Chlorhexidine Bathing for Prevention of Healthcare-associated Infections.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Review
- Chlorhexidine Gluconate Bathing Reduces the Incidence of Bloodstream Infections in Adults Undergoing Inpatient Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2021Article
- Murine model of colonization with fungal pathogen Candida auris to explore skin tropism, host risk factors and therapeutic strategies.Cell host & microbe · 2021Article
- The impact of chlorhexidine gluconate on the skin microbiota of children and adults: A pilot study.American journal of infection control · 2019Article
- What's new in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections using chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated washcloths.Intensive care medicine · 2019Article
- Short-Term Peripheral Venous Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections: Evidence for Increasing Prevalence of Gram-Negative Microorganisms from a 25-Year Prospective Observational Study.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Observational
- Article
- Rectal and Naris Swabs: Practical and Informative Samples for Analyzing the Microbiota of Critically Ill Patients.mSphere · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Skin is a major reservoir of bacterial pathogens in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The aim of this study was to assess the skin bacterial richness and diversity in ICU patients and the effect of CHG daily bathing on skin microbiota. Twenty ICU patients were included during an interventional period with CHG daily bathing (n = 10) and a control period (n = 10). At day seven of hospitalization, eight skin swab samples (nares, axillary vaults, inguinal creases, manubrium and back) were taken from each patient. The bacterial identification was performed by microbial culturomics. We used the Shannon index to compare the diversity. We obtained 5,000 colonies that yielded 61 bacterial species (9.15 ± 3.7 per patient), including 15 (24.5 %) that had never been cultured from non-pathological human skin before, and three (4.9 %) that had never been cultured from human samples before. Notably, Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from all sites. In the water-and-soap group, there was a higher risk of colonization with Gram-negative bacteria (OR = 6.05, 95 % CI [1.67-21.90]; P = 0.006). In the CHG group, we observed more patients colonized by sporulating bacteria (9/10 vs. 3/10; P = 0.019) with a reduced skin bacterial richness (P = 0.004) and lower diversity (0.37, 95 % CI [0.33; 0.42] vs. 0.50, 95 % CI [0.48; 0.52]). Gram-negative bacteria are frequent and disseminated components of the transient skin flora in ICU patients. CHG daily bathing is associated with a reduction in Gram-negative bacteria colonization together with substantial skin microbiota shifts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.