ArticleSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2015
Co-upregulation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 6 on peripheral blood cells in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Article in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Drivers of Cognitive Decline and Neuroprotection in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Narrative Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A crosstalk between the immune system and obstructive sleep apnea.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Brain nitric oxide and inflammation in chronic intermittent hypoxia: Contributors to cognitive impairment and hypertension.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
- Association of healthy sleep patterns with incident sepsis: a large population-based prospective cohort study.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Advances in immunology of obstructive sleep apnea: mechanistic insights, clinical impact, and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Altered Salivary Microbiota in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Comorbid Hypertension.Nature and science of sleep · 2022Article
- MicroRNA Sequencing Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Depression: Anti-Oxidant and MAOA-Inhibiting Effects of miR-15b-5p and miR-92b-3p through Targeting PTGS1-NF-κB-SP1 Signaling.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- H3K23/H3K36 hypoacetylation and HDAC1 up-regulation are associated with adverse consequences in obstructive sleep apnea patients.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- TLRs and RAGE are elevated in carotid plaques from patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2020Article
- TLR2 antagonism attenuates the hippocampal neuronal damage in a murine model of sleep apnea via inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2020Article
- The innate immune toll-like-receptor-2 modulates the depressogenic and anorexiolytic neuroinflammatory response in obstructive sleep apnoea.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- miR-21-5p Under-Expression in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Modulates Intermittent Hypoxia with Re-Oxygenation-Induced-Cell Apoptosis and Cytotoxicity by Targeting Pro-Inflammatory TNF-α-TLR4 Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Aberrant DNA methylation levels of theAmerican journal of translational research · 2020Article
- Aberrant DNA methylation of the toll-like receptors 2 and 6 genes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.PloS one · 2020Article
- Epigenetics: A Potential Mechanism Involved in the Pathogenesis of Various Adverse Consequences of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Article
- Obstructive sleep apnoea and Alzheimer's disease: In search of shared pathomechanisms.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2018Review
- Article
- Article
- Sleep and Microbes.International review of neurobiology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeToll-like receptor (TLR) 2 can heterodimerise with TLR6 to detect diacylated lipoproteins. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 α co-ordinates selective induction of TLR2 and TLR6 during persistent hypoxia. We hypothesized that TLR 2/6 co-expression may be upregulated by chronic intermittent hypoxia with re-oxygenation (IHR) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
methodsTLR2/6 expressions on blood immune cells were measured in 144 patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), including primary snoring (PS, n = 24), moderate to severe OSA (MSO, n = 60), very severe OSA (VSO, n = 36), and very severe OSA on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment (VSOC, n = 24). An in vitro IHR experiment was also undertaken.
resultsPatients in both the MSO and VSO groups had increased TLR2/6 co-expression on CD16(+) neutrophil than those in the PS group. Patients in the VSOC group had reduced TLR2/6 co-expression on neutrophil than those in either the MSO or VSO group. Blood absolute neutrophil count was positively but weakly correlated with TLR2/6 co-expression on neutrophil. TLR2/6 co-expressions on both CD14(+) monocyte and CD3(+)CD4(+)T helper cell, and TLR2 expressions on both monocyte and T helper cell in SDB patients with low Minimum SaO₂ (≦70%) were all higher than those with high Minimum SaO₂. In vitro IHR for 1-4 days resulted in TLR2/6 co-upregulation on both neutrophil and monocyte.
conclusionsOSA patients had increased TLR2/6 co-expressions on blood immune cells, which were related to their immune cell counts and could be reversed with CPAP treatment. In vitro IHR could induce TLR2/6 co-upregulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.