ArticleEMBO molecular medicine2015
Apolipoprotein E promotes subretinal mononuclear phagocyte survival and chronic inflammation in age-related macular degeneration.
Article in EMBO molecular medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progression of Geographic Atrophy in Age-related Macular Degeneration: AREDS2 Report Number 16.Ophthalmology · 2018Trial
- Relationship between monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and age-related macular degeneration: Findings from a national cross-sectional study.European journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Targeting Apolipoprotein E4 rescues photoreceptor degeneration by inhibiting the disease-associated microglia activation in experimental retinal detachment.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Age-related macular degeneration and cerebral amyloid angiopathy have similar pathologies from cholesterol-APOE-amyloid-β-complement mediated inflammation.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2026Review
- Should ApoE4 gene editing therapy be approached with caution when AD is accompanied by retinal neurodegenerative diseases?Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of protein profile in vitreous samples of patients with naive age-related macular degeneration using proteomic approaches.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Associations between the monocyte‑lymphocyte ratio and age‑related macular degeneration among US adults: evidence from NHANES 2005-2008.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
- Lack of Pnpla2 Accelerates Progression of AMD-Like Features in Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Factor-H-related protein 1 (FHR1), a promotor of para-inflammation in age-related macular degeneration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Functional genomics in age-related macular degeneration: From genetic associations to understanding disease mechanisms.Experimental eye research · 2025Review
- Features that distinguish age-related macular degeneration from aging.Experimental eye research · 2025Review
- The role of IGF2BP2 in macrophage-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the pathogenesis of dry AMD.Biology direct · 2025Article
- Beyond cancer: The potential application of CD47-based therapy in non-cancer diseases.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- C3aR1-Deletion Delays Retinal Degeneration in a White-Light Damage Mouse Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Breach and restoration of retinal immune privilege: barrier failure, innate dysregulation, and adaptive autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Monocytes in Retinal Degeneration: Little Cells with a Big Impact.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Current Perspectives of TLR2 Signalling in the Retina.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Eye on the horizon: The metabolic landscape of the RPE in aging and disease.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025Review
- Rodent Models of Retinal Degeneration: From Purified Cells in Culture to Living Animals.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2024Review
- Splenic monocytes drive pathogenic subretinal inflammation in age-related macular degeneration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Physiologically, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) expresses immunosuppressive signals such as FAS ligand (FASL), which prevents the accumulation of leukocytes in the subretinal space. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is associated with a breakdown of the subretinal immunosuppressive environment and chronic accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs). We show that subretinal MPs in AMD patients accumulate on the RPE and express high levels of APOE. MPs of Cx3cr1(-/-) mice that develop MP accumulation on the RPE, photoreceptor degeneration, and increased choroidal neovascularization similarly express high levels of APOE. ApoE deletion in Cx3cr1(-/-) mice prevents pathogenic age- and stress-induced subretinal MP accumulation. We demonstrate that increased APOE levels induce IL-6 in MPs via the activation of the TLR2-CD14-dependent innate immunity receptor cluster. IL-6 in turn represses RPE FasL expression and prolongs subretinal MP survival. This mechanism may account, in part, for the MP accumulation observed in Cx3cr1(-/-) mice. Our results underline the inflammatory role of APOE in sterile inflammation in the immunosuppressive subretinal space. They provide rationale for the implication of IL-6 in AMD and open avenues toward therapies inhibiting pathogenic chronic inflammation in late AMD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.