Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25602879›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of public health2015

Too little, too late: ineffective regulation of dietary supplements in the United States.

Ranjani R Starr

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Insights into dietary supplements as popular product supporting the diet.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026
    Review
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18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Ranjani R StarrRanjani R. Starr, MPH, is with the Office of Public Health Studies, Department of Public Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Millions of people in the United States consume dietary supplements hoping to maintain or improve their health; however, extensive research has failed to demonstrate the efficacy of numerous supplements in disease prevention. In addition, concerns about the safety of routine and high-dose supplementation have been raised. The Food and Drug Administration regulates dietary supplement quality, safety, and labeling, and the Federal Trade Commission monitors advertisements and marketing; still, vast enforcement challenges remain, and optimal governmental oversight has not been achieved. If the composition and quality of ingredients cannot be reliably ensured, the validity of research on dietary supplements is questionable. Moreover, the health of the US public is put at risk.

Indexed as

AdvertisingConsumer Product SafetyDietary SupplementsGuidelines as TopicHumansMarketingUnited StatesUnited States Food and Drug Administration

Identifiers

PMID25602879
PMCPMC4330859

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.