ArticleOptometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry2014
Subjective versus objective accommodative amplitude: preschool to presbyopia.
Article in Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Response of accommodation and vergence systems to low dose atropine.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Trial
- Prediction of cycloplegic refraction for noninvasive screening of children for refractive error.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Subjective Accommodative Function and Defocus Curve Metrics in Phakic Adults Aged 45-65 Years.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Observational
- Accommodative Demand and Near Addition in Early-Onset Primary Angle-Closure Disease: A Comparative Study.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Impact of uncorrected hyperopia on visual function and academic performance in preschool and school-age children.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2026Review
- Amplitude of Accommodation Measured by Closed-Field Autorefractometer in Children With Bilateral High Hyperopia.Beyoglu eye journal · 2026Article
- Testing Accommodation: The Case for Nott Dynamic Retinoscopy in Orthoptic Assessments.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2026Article
- Age-Related Changes in Lens Elasticity Contribute More to Accommodative Decline Than Shape Change.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Impact of proxymetacaine on the dynamics of cyclopentolate in White 6- to 7-year-olds.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
- Classification of accommodative insufficiency by monocular subjective push-up test is poorly predictive of monocular objective amplitudes in children and young adults.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
- Comparison of the accommodative amplitude measured with and without the use of a specialised accommodative rule in children.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Introducing Dynamic Stimulation Aberrometry: Binocular Objective Accommodation versus Subjective Measures.Ophthalmology science · 2023Article
- Precision Concussion Management: Approaches to Quantifying Head Injury Severity and Recovery.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Validation of the PowerRef 3 for Measuring Accommodation: Comparison With the Grand Seiko WAM-5500A Autorefractor.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Repeatability of the Accommodative Response Measured by the Grand Seiko Autorefractor in Children With and Without Amblyopia and Adults.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Comparison of the Amplitude of Accommodation Measured Using a New-Generation Closed-Field Autorefractor with Conventional Subjective Methods.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Classification of Presbyopia by Severity.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2022Article
- Does the Accuracy and Repeatability of Refractive Error Estimates Depend on the Measurement Principle of Autorefractors?Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- Simultaneous Measurement of Objective and Subjective Accommodation in Response to Step Stimulation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Repeatability of the amplitude of accommodation measured by a new generation autorefractor.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis study compared subjective and objective accommodative amplitudes to characterize changes from preschool to presbyopia.
methodsMonocular accommodative amplitude was measured with three techniques in random order (subjective push-up, objective minus lens stimulated, and objective proximal stimulated) on 236 subjects aged 3 to 64 years using a 1.5-mm letter. Subjective push-up amplitudes were the dioptric distance at which the target first blurred along a near-point rod. Objective minus lens stimulated amplitudes were the greatest accommodative response obtained by Grand Seiko autorefraction as subjects viewed the stimulus at 33 cm through increasing minus lens powers. Objective proximal stimulated amplitudes were the greatest accommodative response obtained by Grand Seiko autorefraction as subjects viewed the stimulus at increasing proximity from 40 cm up to 3.33 cm.
resultsIn comparison with subjective push-up amplitudes, objective amplitudes were lower at all ages, with the most dramatic difference occurring in the 3- to 5-year group (subjective push-up, 16.00 ± 4.98 diopters [D] vs. objective proximal stimulated, 7.94 ± 2.37 D, and objective lens stimulated, 6.20 ± 1.99 D). Objective proximal and lens stimulated amplitudes were largest in the 6- to 10-year group (8.81 ± 1.24 D and 8.05 ± 1.82 D, respectively) and gradually decreased until the fourth decade of life when a rapid decline to presbyopia occurred. There was a significant linear relationship between objective techniques (y = 0.74 + 0.96x, R2 = 0.85, p < 0.001) with greater amplitudes measured for the proximal stimulated technique (mean difference, 0.55 D).
conclusionsObjective measurements of accommodation demonstrate that accommodative amplitude is substantially less than that measured by the subjective push-up technique, particularly in young children. These findings have important clinical implications for the management of uncorrected hyperopia.
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