ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2015
The role of the maternal immune system in the regulation of human birthweight.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Examining the association between fetal HLA-C, maternal KIR haplotypes and birth weight.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Maternal-fetal conflict and the timing of birth.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2025Review
- Lower Socioeconomic Status Predicts Increased Proinflammatory Signaling in Late Pregnancy: Evidence From a Filipino Cohort.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2024Article
- Immunologic aspects of preeclampsia.AJOG global reports · 2024Review
- Placenta: an old organ with new functions.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Gestational Viral Infections: Role of Host Immune System.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Animal models of the placenta accreta spectrum: current status and further perspectives.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- "HLA-C: evolution, epigenetics, and pathological implications in the major histocompatibility complex".Frontiers in genetics · 2023Review
- The Unequal Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Infant Health.Demography · 2022Article
- Accentuated Peripheral Blood NK Cytotoxicity Forms an Unfavorable Background for Embryo Implantation and Gestation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Low birth weight and its associated risk factors in a rural health district of Burkina Faso: a cross sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Educational Review: The Impact of Perinatal Oxidative Stress on the Developing Kidney.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
- Uterine Natural Killer Cells: A Rising Star in Human Pregnancy Regulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Non-linear and non-additive associations between the pregnancy metabolome and birthweight.Environment international · 2021Article
- Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor/human leukocyte antigen-C combination and 'great obstetrical syndromes' (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Review
- Fetal Growth Restriction: Does an Integrated Maternal Hemodynamic-Placental Model Fit Better?Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2021Review
- Identification and Characterization of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA in Human Placentas With Fetal Growth Restriction.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Observational
- Common maternal and fetal genetic variants show expected polygenic effects on risk of small- or large-for-gestational-age (SGA or LGA), except in the smallest 3% of babies.PLoS genetics · 2020Article
- The significance of the placental genome and methylome in fetal and maternal health.Human genetics · 2020Review
- Association of Maternal Regulatory Single Nucleotide Polymorphic CD99 Genotype with Preeclampsia in Pregnancies Carrying Male Fetuses in Ethiopian Women.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human birthweight is subject to stabilizing selection. Large babies are at risk of obstetric complications such as obstructed labour, which endangers both mother and child. Small babies are also at risk with reduced survival. Fetal growth requires remodelling of maternal spiral arteries to provide an adequate maternal blood supply to the placenta. This arterial transformation is achieved by placental trophoblast cells, which invade into the uterine wall. Under-invasion is associated with fetal growth restriction; but if invasion is excessive large babies can result. A growing body of evidence suggests that this process is controlled by interactions between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) expressed on maternal uterine natural killer cells (uNK) and their corresponding human leukocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) ligands on invading trophoblast. Mothers with the KIR AA genotype and a fetus with a paternal HLA-C2 allele tend to have small babies, because this combination inhibits cytokine secretion by uNK. Mothers with the activating KIR2DS1 gene and an HLA-C2 fetus are more likely to have large babies. When KIR2DS1 binds to HLA-C2 this increases secretion of cytokines that enhance trophoblast invasion. We conclude that specific combinations of the highly polymorphic gene systems, KIR and HLA-C, contribute to successful reproduction by maintaining birthweight between two extremes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.