Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25602074›Full record

ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2015

The role of invasive trophoblast in implantation and placentation of primates.

Anthony M Carter, Allen C Enders, Robert Pijnenborg

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
91citing papers in PubMed
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

91 citing papers in PubMed, 173 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Spatial Logic and Evolutionary Innovation in Human Placentation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
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  7. Stromal resistance to placental invasion is a derived trait in ruminants.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
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  11. Review
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  16. Review
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  19. Proximate and ultimate causes of pregnancy sickness.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2025
    Review
  20. Article

31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Anthony M CarterDepartment of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark acarter@health.sdu.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-2085
Allen C EndersDepartment of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Robert PijnenborgDepartment of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
KU Leuven · BEUniversity of California, Davis · USUniversity of Southern Denmark · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We here review the evolution of invasive placentation in primates towards the deep penetration of the endometrium and its arteries in hominoids. The strepsirrhine primates (lemurs and lorises) have non-invasive, epitheliochorial placentation, although this is thought to be derived from a more invasive type. In haplorhine primates, there is differentiation of trophoblast at the blastocyst stage into syncytial and cellular trophoblast. Implantation involves syncytiotrophoblast that first removes the uterine epithelium then consolidates at the basal lamina before continuing into the stroma. In later stages of pregnancy, especially in Old World monkeys and apes, cytotrophoblast plays a greater role in the invasive process. Columns of trophoblast cells advance to the base of the implantation site where they spread out to form a cytotrophoblastic shell. In addition, cytotrophoblasts advance into the lumen of the spiral arteries. They are responsible for remodelling these vessels to form wide, low-resistance conduits. In human and great apes, there is additional invasion of the endometrium and its vessels by trophoblasts originating from the base of the anchoring villi. Deep trophoblast invasion that extends remodelling of the spiral arteries to segments in the inner myometrium evolved in the common ancestor of gorilla, chimp and human.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionAnimalsEmbryo ImplantationFemaleHumansPlacentationPregnancyPrimatesSpecies SpecificityTrophoblastsarterial remodellingcatarrhine primatescytrotrophoblastplatyrrhine primatesstrepsirhine primatessyncytiotrophoblast

Identifiers

PMID25602074
PMCPMC4305171
OpenAlexW2084249119

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.