ReviewFrontiers in physiology2014
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis-a rare but devastating peritoneal disease.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- The calcium concentration of peritoneal dialysis solution modifies levels of key mediators of peritoneal fibrosis.Seminars in dialysis · 2021Trial
- Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: a three-case series highlighting diagnostic challenges and surgical managements.International journal of surgery case reports · 2026Article
- From Endometriosis to Encapsulation: A Case Report of Endometriosis Causing Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis.Case reports in obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- Lessons for the clinical nephrologist: encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis immediately following intra-abdominal infection without peritonitis.Journal of nephrology · 2025Article
- Entrapped in the Cocoon: A Rare Case of Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis in a Patient on Dialysis.Cureus · 2025Article
- Transglutaminase 2 in human peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal injury.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Primary Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis: An Extremely Rare Cause of Small Bowel Obstruction.Cureus · 2025Article
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus as a Risk Factor for Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Role of biomarker SOCS1 in peritoneal dialysis-associated peritoneal fibrosis and immune infiltration based on machine learning screening.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Intraoperative Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- Peritoneal Dialysis-Induced Encapsulating Peritonitis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in Women with Benign Gynecological Pathology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Bowel obstruction complicating an encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2024Article
- Abdominal cocoon syndrome (ACS): a case report of a Chinese male diagnosed idiopathic ACS with inborn short intestine.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Renal hyperparathyroidism- a risk factor in the development of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Mesentery stiffness changes in a patient with encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis by real-time shear-wave elastography ultrasound with histological reference.Renal failure · 2023Article
- High Salt Promotes Inflammatory and Fibrotic Response in Peritoneal Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Dialysis after kidney transplant failure: how to deal with this daunting task?Journal of nephrology · 2023Review
- Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis post liver transplant and peritoneal dialysis: case report and literature review.Journal of surgical case reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a devastating but, fortunately, rare complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis. The disease is associated with extensive thickening and fibrosis of the peritoneum resulting in the formation of a fibrous cocoon encapsulating the bowel leading to intestinal obstruction. The incidence of EPS ranges between 0.7 and 3.3% and increases with duration of peritoneal dialysis therapy. Dialysis fluid is hyperosmotic, hyperglycemic, and acidic causing chronic injury and inflammation in the peritoneum with loss of mesothelium and extensive tissue fibrosis. The pathogenesis of EPS, however, still remains uncertain, although a widely accepted hypothesis is the "two-hit theory," where, the first hit is chronic peritoneal membrane injury from long standing peritoneal dialysis followed by a second hit such as an episode of peritonitis, genetic predisposition and/or acute cessation of peritoneal dialysis, leading to EPS. Recently, EPS has been reported in patients shortly after transplantation suggesting that this procedure may also act as a possible second insult. The process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells is proposed to play a central role in the development of peritoneal sclerosis, a common characteristic of patients on dialysis, however, its importance in EPS is less clear. There is no established treatment for EPS although evidence from small case studies suggests that corticosteroids and tamoxifen may be beneficial. Nutritional support is essential and surgical intervention (peritonectomy and enterolysis) is recommended in later stages to relieve bowel obstruction.
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