ReviewActa physiologica (Oxford, England)2015
Strain hypothesis of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the outcome of human diseases.
Review in Acta physiologica (Oxford, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxoplasma gondii infection and testosterone alteration: A systematic review and meta-analyses.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- An African perspective on the genetic diversity ofParasitology · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of variation in Toxoplasma gondii cyst burden in the murine model.Experimental parasitology · 2019Pooled it
- Nasal Nanoparticle Vaccine Induces a Cross-Strain T-Cell Immunity AgainstPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Blockade of Tim-3 pathway in a mouse model of Toxoplasmosis: impact on brain leukocyte infiltration, parasite burden, and neuroinflammation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Outbreak of toxoplasmosis with pulmonary involvement in immunocompetent military populationBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2026Article
- Toxoplasmosis Acquired in French Guiana in Immunocompetent Adults: Case Series From 2002 to 2019, With a Focus on Outpatients.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence and Genotype Distribution ofHealth science reports · 2026Article
- Cerebral toxoplasmosis: Parasitology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention - a narrative review.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Review
- Occurrence and characterisation of Toxoplasma gondii infection in free-living Eurasian beavers, Castor fiber, from southern England.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Direct genotype analysis of Toxoplasma gondii in ocular samples from patients with active rtinochoroiditis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Motility-dependent processes inmSphere · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and testosterone level in Palestinian butchers.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The importance of translational research in the study of ocular toxoplasmosis: insights from the 17th International Congress on Toxoplasmosis 2024.FEMS microbes · 2025Article
- A population study of Toxoplasma gondii in the Amazon region expands current knowledge of the genetic diversity in South America.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Effective factors in the pathogenesis ofHeliyon · 2024Review
- Observational
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is an exceptionally successful food and waterborne parasite that infects approximately 1 billion people worldwide. Genotyping of T. gondii isolates from all continents revealed a complex population structure. Recent research supports the notion that T. gondii genotype may be associated with disease severity. Here, we (1) discuss molecular and serological approaches for designation of T. gondii strain type, (2) overview the literatures on the association of T. gondii strain type and the outcome of human disease and (3) explore possible mechanisms underlying these strain-specific pathology and severity of human toxoplasmosis. Although no final conclusions can be drawn, it is clear that virulent strains (e.g. strains containing type I or atypical alleles) are significantly more often associated with increased frequency and severity of human toxoplasmosis. The significance of highly virulent strains can cause severe diseases in immunocompetent patients and might implicated in brain disorders such as schizophrenia should led to reconsideration of toxoplasmosis. Further studies that combine parasite strain typing and human factor analysis (e.g. immune status and genetic background) are required for better understanding of human susceptibility or resistance to toxoplasmosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.