ArticleThe Science of the total environment2015
Source tracking swine fecal waste in surface water proximal to swine concentrated animal feeding operations.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of animal feeding operations including concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) for exposure, health outcomes, and environmental justice.Environmental research · 2024Pooled it
- Have genetic targets for faecal pollution diagnostics and source tracking revolutionized water quality analysis yet?FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Deconstructing the Livestock Manure Digester and Biogas Controversy.Current environmental health reports · 2025Review
- Swine production intensity and swine-specific fecal contamination of household surfaces at residences of industrial livestock operation workers and community residents, North Carolina, USA.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Large-scale assessment of the impacts of invasive wild pigs on water quality in freshwater streams.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) in relation to environmental justice related variables in Wisconsin, United States.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- An overview of molecular markers for identification of non-human fecal pollution sources.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Identifying sources of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment using the microbialFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Exposure to industrial hog and poultry operations and urinary tract infections in North Carolina, USA.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Exposure to industrial hog operations and gastrointestinal illness in North Carolina, USA.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Exposure to concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and risk of mortality in North Carolina, USA.The Science of the total environment · 2021Article
- Distribution of environmental justice metrics for exposure to CAFOs in North Carolina, USA.Environmental research · 2021Article
- Analysis of migration of pathogenic drug-resistant bacteria to soils and groundwater after fertilization with sewage sludge.PloS one · 2021Article
- Microbial Indicators of Fecal Pollution: Recent Progress and Challenges in Assessing Water Quality.Current environmental health reports · 2020Review
- Chemical Exposures, Health, and Environmental Justice in Communities Living on the Fenceline of Industry.Current environmental health reports · 2020Review
- "Ag-Gag" Laws: Evolution, Resurgence, and Public Health Implications.New solutions : a journal of environmental and occupational health policy : NS · 2019Article
- Quantification of Microbial Source Tracking and Pathogenic Bacterial Markers in Water and Sediments of Tiaoxi River (Taihu Watershed).Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Toward Forensic Uses of Microbial Source Tracking.Microbiology spectrum · 2018Article
- Pig-2-Bac as a biomarker of occupational exposure to pigs and livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus among industrial hog operation workers.Environmental research · 2015Article
- Microbial Source Tracking in Adjacent Karst Springs.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Swine farming has gone through many changes in the last few decades, resulting in operations with a high animal density known as confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs). These operations produce a large quantity of fecal waste whose environmental impacts are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate microbial water quality in surface waters proximal to swine CAFOs including microbial source tracking of fecal microbes specific to swine. For one year, surface water samples at up- and downstream sites proximal to swine CAFO lagoon waste land application sites were tested for fecal indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus) and candidate swine-specific microbial source-tracking (MST) markers (Bacteroidales Pig-1-Bac, Pig-2-Bac, and Pig-Bac-2, and methanogen P23-2). Testing of 187 samples showed high fecal indicator bacteria concentrations at both up- and downstream sites. Overall, 40%, 23%, and 61% of samples exceeded state and federal recreational water quality guidelines for fecal coliforms, E. coli, and Enterococcus, respectively. Pig-1-Bac and Pig-2-Bac showed the highest specificity to swine fecal wastes and were 2.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.03, 5.94) and 2.30 times (95% CI=0.90, 5.88) as prevalent proximal down- than proximal upstream of swine CAFOs, respectively. Pig-1-Bac and Pig-2-Bac were also 2.87 (95% CI=1.21, 6.80) and 3.36 (95% CI=1.34, 8.41) times as prevalent when 48 hour antecedent rainfall was greater than versus less than the mean, respectively. Results suggest diffuse and overall poor sanitary quality of surface waters where swine CAFO density is high. Pig-1-Bac and Pig-2-Bac are useful for tracking off-site conveyance of swine fecal wastes into surface waters proximal to and downstream of swine CAFOs and during rain events.
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