ArticleNature genetics2015
Evolutionary history and global spread of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing lineage.
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Article in Nature genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 285 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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285citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
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Who cites it
285 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 560 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genotypic diversity of multi- and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Reporting practices for genomic epidemiology of tuberculosis: a systematic review of the literature using STROME-ID guidelines as a benchmark.The Lancet. Microbe · 2021Pooled it
- Global variation in bacterial strains that cause tuberculosis disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Causal association of antibiotic use and resistant tuberculosis infection: Casecontrol meta-analysisRevista espanola de salud publica · 2018Pooled it
- Phenotypic and genotypic features of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 1 subgroup in central Vietnam.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Drug-resistance profiles, population structure, genomic clustering, and temporal trends in drug resistance amongThe Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Migration and tuberculosis transmission in Hamburg, Germany: insights from 25 years of molecular epidemiology.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- A Case of Transmission of Bedaquiline- and Linezolid-Resistant Tuberculosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a comprehensive review of pathogenesis, drug resistance, current treatment and future prospects.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Key impact of Beijing strains including new resistant clusters on spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in northern Russia.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Tuberculosis transmission and resistance among Ukrainian migrants and its impact on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis dynamics in high-influx host countries.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Draft whole-genome sequences of ancestral and modernMicrobiology resource announcements · 2026Article
- Whole-genome sequencing reveals lineage-associated drug resistance and enables machine learning-based prediction inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- A hospital-based genomic analysis reveals predominance of ST215Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Nationwide whole-genome sequencing reveals local transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Poland, 2003-2020.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Phylodynamic analysis reveals disparate transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex lineages in Botswana.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Temporal and regional dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Oman.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cross-continental transmission and host adaptation ofiMetaOmics · 2025Article
- Inflammasome Activation Differences Underpin DifferentMedComm · 2025Article
- Analyzing the distribution of virulence factors ofVirulence · 2025Article
225 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
55 authors at 20 institutions in 21 countries.
Matthias MerkerMolecular Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.
Camille Blin1] Laboratoire Biologie Intégrative des Population, Evolution Moléculaire, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France. [2] Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR-CNRS 7205, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.
Stefano Mona1] Laboratoire Biologie Intégrative des Population, Evolution Moléculaire, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France. [2] Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR-CNRS 7205, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.
Nicolas Duforet-FrebourgUniversité Joseph Fourier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité-Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble, France.
Sophie Lecher1] INSERM U1019, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France. [2] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France. [3] Université Lille Nord, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France. [4] Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.
Eve Willery1] INSERM U1019, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France. [2] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France. [3] Université Lille Nord, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France. [4] Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.
Michael G B BlumUniversité Joseph Fourier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité-Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble, France.
Sabine Rüsch-GerdesNational Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.
Igor MokrousovLaboratory of Molecular Microbiology, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Eman AleksicCentre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Caroline Allix-BéguecGenoscreen, Lille, France.
Annick AntierensMedical Department, Médecins sans Frontières Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland.
Ewa Augustynowicz-KopećDepartment of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
Marie BallifInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Francesca BarlettaInstituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Molecular Epidemiology Unit-Tuberculosis, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Hans Peter BeckDepartment of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
Clifton E BarryTuberculosis Research Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Maryline BonnetClinical Research Department, Epicentre, Paris, France.
Emanuele BorroniEmerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Isolina Campos-HerreroDepartment of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
Daniela CirilloEmerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Helen CoxDivision of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Suzanne Crowe1] Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [3] Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Valeriu CruduNational Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Phthysiopneumology Institute, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.
Roland DielInstitute for Epidemiology, Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany.
Francis Drobniewski1] Public Health England National Mycobacterial Reference Laboratory and Clinical Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Group, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK. [2] Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College, London, UK.
Maryse Fauville-DufauxTuberculosis and Mycobacteria, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium.
Sébastien GagneuxDepartment of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
Solomon GhebremichaelDepartment of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden.
Madeleine HanekomDepartment of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/Medical Research Council, Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Sven HoffnerDepartment of Diagnostics and Vaccinology, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden.
Wei-wei JiaoKey Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Stobdan KalonUS Agency for International Development Quality Health Care Project, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Thomas A KohlMolecular Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.
Irina KontsevayaSamara Oblast Tuberculosis Service, Samara, Russia.
Troels LillebækStatens Serum Institute, International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Shinji MaedaResearch Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan.
Vladyslav Nikolayevskyy1] Public Health England National Mycobacterial Reference Laboratory and Clinical Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Group, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK. [2] Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College, London, UK.
Michael RasmussenStatens Serum Institute, International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nalin RastogiWorld Health Organization Supranational Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Abymes, France.
Sofia SamperInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
Elisabeth Sanchez-PadillaClinical Research Department, Epicentre, Paris, France.
Branislava SavicInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Isdore Chola ShamputaTuberculosis Research Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Adong ShenKey Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Li-Hwei SngCentral Tuberculosis Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
Petras StakenasDepartment of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Kadri ToitTartu University Hospital United Laboratories, Mycobacteriology, Tartu, Estonia.
Francis VaraineMedical Department, Médecins sans Frontières, Paris, France.
Dragana VukovicInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Céline WahlGenoscreen, Lille, France.
Robin WarrenDepartment of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/Medical Research Council, Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Philip Supply1] INSERM U1019, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France. [2] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France. [3] Université Lille Nord, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France. [4] Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France. [5] Genoscreen, Lille, France.
Stefan Niemann1] Molecular Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany. [2] German Center for Infection Research, Borstel Site, Borstel, Germany.
Thierry Wirth1] Laboratoire Biologie Intégrative des Population, Evolution Moléculaire, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France. [2] Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR-CNRS 7205, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.
Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center · DEBurnet Institute · AUInserm · FRPublic Health England · GBSan Raffaele University of Rome · ITSorbonne Université · FRStatens Serum Institut · DKSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute · CHTranslational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity · FRUniversity of Belgrade · RSBeijing Children’s Hospital · CNCapital Medical University · CNCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FRGerman Center for Infection Research · DEHospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín · ESHospital Universitario Miguel Servet · ESInstitut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe · GPInstitut Pasteur de Lille · FRInstitut Scientifique de Santé Publique · BEJapan Anti Tuberculosis Association · JP
Funding
Exploring the metabolism of non-replicating and drug-resistant TBZIAAI000783 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI BARRY, CLIFTON · 2009 to 2017
$8.2MInternational Research in Korea: Clinical Studies of Drug-Resistant TuberculosisZIAAI001067 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI BARRY, CLIFTON · 2009 to 2017
$6.9MIntramural NIH HHS ZIA AI001067World Health Organization 001
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the Beijing lineage are globally distributed and are associated with the massive spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis in Eurasia. Here we reconstructed the biogeographical structure and evolutionary history of this lineage by genetic analysis of 4,987 isolates from 99 countries and whole-genome sequencing of 110 representative isolates. We show that this lineage initially originated in the Far East, from where it radiated worldwide in several waves. We detected successive increases in population size for this pathogen over the last 200 years, practically coinciding with the Industrial Revolution, the First World War and HIV epidemics. Two MDR clones of this lineage started to spread throughout central Asia and Russia concomitantly with the collapse of the public health system in the former Soviet Union. Mutations identified in genes putatively under positive selection and associated with virulence might have favored the expansion of the most successful branches of the lineage.
Indexed as
Biological EvolutionEvolution, MolecularGenome, BacterialGenotypeGlobal HealthHumansMutationMycobacterium tuberculosisPhylogenyTuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
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