ArticleNature biotechnology2015
Optimizing pyramided transgenic Bt crops for sustainable pest management.
Article in Nature biotechnology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 140 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 380 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sequential evolution of resistance by western corn rootworm to multipleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of genetically engineered maize on agronomic, environmental and toxicological traits: a meta-analysis of 21 years of field data.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
- Operationalizing insect resistance management for commercialized Bt crops: an evidence-to-action framework for post-market stewardship.GM crops & food · 2026Review
- Effects of resistance to Bt proteins Cry1Ac and Vip3Aa on flight traits of Helicoverpa zea.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Field performance of MON 94637 and laboratory evidence supporting a Bt pyramiding strategy against key lepidopteran pests in Brazil.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Unravelling the Genetic Basis of Insect Resistance in Maize: Progress and Future Challenges.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Fitness costs associated with Vip3Aa resistance on various hosts in Helicoverpa zea.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Commercial planting of genetically modified maize lowers pest damage, yield loss and pesticide usage in Northeast China.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Transgenic Lepidopteran-Pests-Resistant and Herbicide-Tolerant Cotton Through Transfer of Cry1Ab-vip3Aa and Cp4-epsps+bar Genes.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Three Decades of China's Bt Cotton: Achievements and Insights.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Resistance in Bt Maize Event DBN3601T Expressing Cry1Ab and Vip3Aa Proteins AgainstPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluating cross-resistance and synergy between Vip3Aa and Cry proteins from Bt in six strains of Helicoverpa zea derived via FCrop health · 2026Article
- Expression of Dual Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac Genes Under Regulation of MPI Promoter Enhances Resistance to Tomato Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa armigera) in Tomato.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- Fusion protein based strategies for developing insect-resistant crops.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Review
- Review
- Screening, optimization and artificial recombination of dsRNA fragments for RNAi-mediated pest resistance inFrontiers in insect science · 2026Article
- Nanomaterial-Mediated RNAi Targeting Chitin Metabolism Genes in MEAM1 Cryptic Species ofInsects · 2025Article
- Characterization of the spectrum of insecticidal activity of Cry1B.3, Cry1Da_7, and Vip3Cb1 proteins produced by lepidopteran-protected MON 89151 cotton.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Modelling the Effectiveness of Gene-Edited Salmon at Sea Lice Control and the Use of Refugia to Mitigate Counter-Adaptation.Evolutionary applications · 2025Article
- Rootworm resistance to Bt associated with increased injury to corn pyramids combining Bt proteins and RNA interference.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transgenic crop pyramids producing two or more Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins that kill the same insect pest have been widely used to delay evolution of pest resistance. To assess the potential of pyramids to achieve this goal, we analyze data from 38 studies that report effects of ten Bt toxins used in transgenic crops against 15 insect pests. We find that compared with optimal low levels of insect survival, survival on currently used pyramids is often higher for both susceptible insects and insects resistant to one of the toxins in the pyramid. Furthermore, we find that cross-resistance and antagonism between toxins used in pyramids are common, and that these problems are associated with the similarity of the amino acid sequences of domains II and III of the toxins, respectively. This analysis should assist in future pyramid design and the development of sustainable resistance management strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.