ArticleAmerican journal of primatology2016
Managing the Cayo Santiago rhesus macaque population: The role of density.
Article in American journal of primatology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparing the genomic inbreeding of an isolated rhesus macaque study population to wild populations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Temporal Changes in Vertebral Morphology of the Free-Ranging Rhesus Macaques From Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026Article
- Investigating mechanoreceptor variability and morphometric proxies in Rhesus Macaques: Implications for primate precision touch studies.Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2026Article
- A Comparative Analysis of the Genetic Structures of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) Kept in Enclosure-Based Systems and Semi-Natural Settings.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026Article
- Single-cell, multi-region profiling of the macaque brain across the lifespan.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Density-dependent feedback across nested levels of organization in a social primate.The Journal of animal ecology · 2025Article
- Macaque mothers' responses to the deaths of their infants.Biology letters · 2025Article
- Individual differences in sociocognitive traits in semi-free-ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).American journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Early life adversity has sex-dependent effects on survival across the lifespan in rhesus macaques.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Article
- The biology of aging in a social world: Insights from free-ranging rhesus macaques.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
- Differential effects of early life adversity on male and female rhesus macaque lifespan.Ecology and evolution · 2023Article
- The provisioned primate: patterns of obesity across lemurs, monkeys, apes and humans.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- A single-cell multi-omic atlas spanning the adult rhesus macaque brain.Science advances · 2023Article
- Hurricanes affect diversification among individual life courses of a primate population.The Journal of animal ecology · 2023Article
- The biology of aging in a social world:insights from free-ranging rhesus macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Multiregion transcriptomic profiling of the primate brain reveals signatures of aging and the social environment.Nature neuroscience · 2022Article
- Article
- Variation and heritability of retinal cone ratios in a free-ranging population of rhesus macaques.Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · 2022Article
- Social connections predict brain structure in a multidimensional free-ranging primate society.Science advances · 2022Article
- Rhesus macaques compensate for reproductive delay following ecological adversity early in life.Ecology and evolution · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cayo Santiago is the oldest continuously operating free-ranging rhesus monkey colony in the world. Population control of this colony has historically been carried out by periodic live capture and removal of animals. However, the effect of such a strategy on the size, growth rate, age structure, and sex ratio of the population has not been analyzed. This study reviews past removal data and uses a population projection model to simulate the effects of different removal schemes based on Cayo Santiago demographic data from 2000-2012. The model incorporates negative density-dependence in female fertility, as well as male and female survival rates, to determine the population-level effects of selective removal by age and sex. Modeling revealed that removal of sexually immature individuals has negligible effects on the population dynamics explaining why with an initial population of 1309 in 2000 and annual removals of immature monkeys a mean annual population growth rate of 12% and a final population size of ∼1,435 individuals by 2012 (∼0.009 animal/m(2) ) was observed. With no removals, the population is expected to exhibit dampened oscillations until reaching equilibrium at ∼1,690 individuals (∼0.0111 animal/m(2) ) in 2,100. In contrast, removal of adult females (≥4 yrs) would significantly reduce the population size, but would also promote an increase in population growth rate due to density feedback. A maximum annual production of 275 births is expected when 550 adult females are present in the population. Sensitivity analyses showed that removing females, in contrast to controlling their fertility through invasive treatments would contribute the most to changes in population growth rate. Given the density compensation on fertility, stabilizing the population would require removing ∼80% of the current population of adult females. This study highlights the importance of addressing the population-level density effects, as well as sensitivity analyses, to optimize management strategies.
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Registered trials
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