Trial reportAnnals of emergency medicine2015
Revisiting the "Golden Hour": An Evaluation of Out-of-Hospital Time in Shock and Traumatic Brain Injury.
Trial report in Annals of emergency medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypotension and Adverse Outcomes in Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- National guideline for the field triage of injured patients: Recommendations of the National Expert Panel on Field Triage, 2021.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2022Guideline
- Future Directions and Evolution Strategies for the Clinical Management of Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association between prehospital time and mortality in severe trauma: a restricted cubic spline analysis from a physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical service.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Repurposing Dexmedetomidine: Early Pharmacological Hypothermia Enhances Neuroprotection and Improves Locomotor and Bladder Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Strengthening Prehospital Emergency Care in Somalia: Current Barriers and Priorities for System Reform.Open access emergency medicine : OAEM · 2026Article
- Higher hospital level does not improve 30-day survival after road traffic accidents.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Survival status and its predictors among adult victims of road traffic accident admitted to public hospitals of Bahir Bar City, Amhara regional state, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2023: multi center retrospective follow-up study.BMC emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Prehospital time and mortality in pediatric trauma.Pediatric surgery international · 2024Article
- The effect of a clock's presence on trauma resuscitation times in a Dutch level-1 trauma center: a pre-post cohort analysis.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2024Observational
- The association between geospatial and temporal factors and pre-hospital response to major trauma: a retrospective cohort study in the North of England.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2023Article
- History and Current Status of Regional Trauma Centers.Korean journal of neurotrauma · 2023Article
- Time is tissue: Barriers to timely transfusion after pediatric injury.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2023Review
- A Fiber-Optic Sensor-Embedded and Machine Learning Assisted Smart Helmet for Multi-Variable Blunt Force Impact Sensing in Real Time.Biosensors · 2022Article
- Association of In-Hospital Mortality and Trauma Team Activation: A 10-Year Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Relationship Between Prehospital Time and 24-h Mortality in Road Traffic-Injured Patients in Laos.World journal of surgery · 2022Observational
- Mortality of trauma patients treated at trauma centers compared to non-trauma centers in Sweden: a retrospective study.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2022Review
- Derivation and Validation of a Score Using Prehospital Data to Identify Adults With Trauma Requiring Early Laparotomy.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectiveWe evaluate patients with shock and traumatic brain injury who were previously enrolled in an out-of-hospital clinical trial to test the association between out-of-hospital time and outcome.
methodsThis was a secondary analysis of patients with shock and traumatic brain injury who were aged 15 years or older and enrolled in a Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium out-of-hospital clinical trial by 81 emergency medical services agencies transporting to 46 Level I and II trauma centers in 11 sites (May 2006 through May 2009). Inclusion criteria were systolic blood pressure less than or equal to 70 mm Hg or systolic blood pressure 71 to 90 mm Hg with pulse rate greater than or equal to 108 beats/min (shock cohort) and Glasgow Coma Scale score less than or equal to 8 (traumatic brain injury cohort); patients meeting both criteria were placed in the shock cohort. Primary outcomes were 28-day mortality (shock cohort) and 6-month Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended score less than or equal to 4 (traumatic brain injury cohort).
resultsThere were 778 patients in the shock cohort (26% 28-day mortality) and 1,239 patients in the traumatic brain injury cohort (53% 6-month Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended score ≤4). Out-of-hospital time greater than 60 minutes was not associated with worse outcomes after accounting for important confounders in the shock cohort (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77 to 2.62) or traumatic brain injury cohort (aOR 0.77; 95% CI 0.51 to 1.15). However, shock patients requiring early critical hospital resources and arriving after 60 minutes had higher 28-day mortality (aOR 2.37; 95% CI 1.05 to 5.37); this finding was not observed among a similar traumatic brain injury subgroup.
conclusionAmong out-of-hospital trauma patients meeting physiologic criteria for shock and traumatic brain injury, there was no association between time and outcome. However, the subgroup of shock patients requiring early critical resources and arriving after 60 minutes had higher mortality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.