ArticleClinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases2015
Is virus coinfection a predictor of severity in children with viral respiratory infections?
Article in Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Respiratory viral coinfection and disease severity in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2016Pooled it
- Post-COVID-19 Dynamics of Pediatric Respiratory Viruses in Wuhan: Epidemiology, Co-Infection Patterns, and Clinical Severity (2023-2024).Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics, co-detection patterns and prognostic risk factors of human metapneumovirus infection in children: a retrospective study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Analysis of the pathogen spectrum, co-infection characteristics, and risk of severe disease in community-acquired pneumonia among children in Henan province.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Respiratory viral coinfections: interactions, mechanisms and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Performance analysis of the GeneXpert respiratory panel prototype assay for the diagnosis of viral and bacterial upper respiratory tract infections.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Experimental Models to Investigate Viral and Cellular Dynamics in Respiratory Viral Co-Infections.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Dynamics of RSV hospitalization rates in ≤ 2-year-old children between 2020-2023 in Europe.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of human rhinovirus in hospitalized children and adolescents with acute respiratory infections: a longitudinal study in Shenzhen, China (2019-2024).Virology journal · 2025Article
- The role of viral interaction in household transmission of symptomatic influenza and respiratory syncytial virus.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Case Report: Pediatric respiratory viral infection failure: a case series of eight fatalities in children under 5 years old in Iran.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- A complex remodeling of cellular homeostasis distinguishes RSV/SARS-CoV-2 co-infected A549-hACE2 expressing cell lines.Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2024Article
- Co-infections and immune-evading viral hybrids: A perspective.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Mathematical Modeling of the Lethal Synergism of Coinfecting Pathogens in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Review.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Dynamics of respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Madrid, Spain.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with single or co-detected rhinovirus-associated acute respiratory infection in Middle Tennessee.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Beyond SARS-CoV-2: epidemiological surveillance of respiratory viruses in Jalisco, Mexico.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- High incidence of the virus among respiratory pathogens in children with lower respiratory tract infection in northwestern China.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Multiplex PCR Detection of Respiratory Tract Infections in SARS-CoV-2-Negative Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department: an International Multicenter Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Clinical and socioeconomic burden of rhinoviruses/enteroviruses in the community.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Molecular assays have resulted in increased detection of viral respiratory infections, including virus coinfection, from children with acute respiratory infections. Yet the clinical severity of virus coinfection compared to single virus infection remains uncertain. We performed a retrospective study of children presenting with acute respiratory infections comparing clinical severity of single respiratory virus infection to virus coinfection, detected on midturbinate swabs by molecular assays. Patient characteristics and measures of clinical severity were abstracted from health records. A total of 472 virus-infected children were included, 391 with a single virus infection and 81 with virus coinfection. Virus status did not affect admission to hospital (odds ratio (OR) = 0.8; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.5-1.4; p 0.491) or clinical disease severity among inpatients (OR = 0.8; 95% CI 0.5-1.5; p 0.515) after adjusting for age and underlying comorbidities. However, children infected with rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/ENT) alone were more likely to be admitted to the hospital compared to those coinfected with HRV/ENT and at least another virus, although this was not significant in multivariable analyses (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.22-1.0; p 0.051). In multivariable analyses, children coinfected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other viruses were significantly more likely to present with radiologically confirmed pneumonia compared to those with an isolated RSV infection (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.07-9.34, p 0.037). Equivalent clinical severity was observed between children with single virus infection and virus coinfection, although children coinfected with RSV and other viruses presented more frequently with pneumonia than those with single RSV infection. Increased disease severity observed among children with single HRV/ENT infection requires further investigation.
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